Judy Garland

Judy Garland

1922 — 1969

États-Unis

MusicPerforming Arts20th Century20th century — Hollywood's golden age and the rise of the American entertainment industry

Judy Garland (1922-1969) was an American actress and singer, and one of Hollywood's most iconic figures. She rose to fame at 17 in The Wizard of Oz (1939), becoming the defining star of Hollywood's golden age of musical cinema. Her extraordinary voice and tragic life story made her a symbol of 20th-century popular culture.

Famous Quotes

« Always be a first-rate version of yourself, instead of a second-rate version of somebody else. »
« I've always taken 'The Wizard of Oz' very seriously, you know. »

Key Facts

  • 1922: Born Frances Ethel Gumm in Grand Rapids, Minnesota
  • 1939: Played Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz, a worldwide hit featuring the iconic song Over the Rainbow
  • 1954: Nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for A Star Is Born
  • 1961: Legendary concert at Carnegie Hall, widely considered one of the greatest live performances in history
  • 1969: Died in London at the age of 47

Works & Achievements

The Wizard of Oz (1939)

Musical film directed by Victor Fleming in which Judy Garland plays Dorothy. Her first major film role earned her a special honorary Academy Award and the film remains one of the most-watched movies in American cinema history.

Meet Me in St. Louis (1944)

Musical film directed by Vincente Minnelli, who would later become her husband. A critical and popular success, it cemented Judy Garland's status as one of Hollywood's greatest musical actresses.

A Star Is Born (1954)

Musical film directed by George Cukor in which Judy Garland delivers a critically acclaimed performance. Nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, the film marked her triumphant comeback after years of personal struggles.

Judgment at Nuremberg (1961)

Stanley Kramer's dramatic film about the Nuremberg trials. Judy Garland plays a brief but memorable dramatic role that earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, showcasing her versatility as an actress.

Judy at Carnegie Hall (live album) (1961)

Double album recorded at the legendary concert of April 23, 1961. It won five Grammy Awards in 1962, including Album of the Year, and remains one of the most important live recordings in American popular music.

Over the Rainbow (1939)

Song written by Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg, performed in The Wizard of Oz. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and was named the greatest song of the 20th century by the American Film Institute in 2001.

Anecdotes

During the filming of The Wizard of Oz in 1938–1939, MGM producers forced Judy Garland, then 16 years old, to follow a strict diet and gave her amphetamines to keep up with the long shooting days, then sleeping pills so she could rest. This practice, common among major Hollywood studios of the era, destroyed her health and locked her into a drug dependency she never escaped.

The song 'Over the Rainbow,' performed by Judy Garland in The Wizard of Oz, nearly ended up on the cutting room floor — MGM executives felt it was too slow for the film's pace. It was ultimately saved thanks to the persistence of composer Harold Arlen and director Victor Fleming. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1940 and became one of the most celebrated songs of the 20th century.

Judy Garland's concert at Carnegie Hall in New York on April 23, 1961 is considered one of the greatest live performances in American history. The resulting album, 'Judy at Carnegie Hall,' won five Grammy Awards in 1962, including Album of the Year — an extraordinarily rare honor for a female artist at the time.

Judy Garland was one of the first major Hollywood stars to become an icon of the LGBT+ community. Her funeral in New York on June 27, 1969 coincided with the Stonewall Riots, the spark that ignited the gay liberation movement. Many historians believe that the collective grief surrounding her death contributed to the outburst of anger that night.

MGM required Judy Garland to wear a corset and chest binders to appear younger and slimmer on screen, even though she was already a teenager. The studio also controlled her romantic relationships and private life through strict contracts. Garland later testified that she felt like 'a machine' inside an industrial system that exploited child prodigies with no legal protections whatsoever.

Primary Sources

Judy Garland interview for Redbook Magazine (1967)
I was born at the age of twelve on a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer lot. I was not a child star. I was an adult star who happened to be a child.
Judy Garland's statement to the press following her dismissal from MGM (1950)
They had me on a treadmill. I had to look a certain way, sing a certain way, be a certain age. I was never allowed just to be myself.
Letter from Judy Garland to her daughter Liza Minnelli, private archives (1963)
Whatever you do, don't let them change who you are. Hollywood will try. But your voice, your real voice, is the only thing that's truly yours.
New York Times review of the Carnegie Hall concert (April 24, 1961)
Miss Garland performed with such authority and passion that the Carnegie Hall audience rose to its feet again and again. It was not merely a concert; it was a communion.

Key Places

Grand Rapids, Minnesota

Judy Garland's birthplace, where she was born on June 10, 1922. Her childhood home is now a museum dedicated to her memory.

MGM Studios, Culver City, Los Angeles

The place where Judy Garland signed her first contract at age 12 and filmed her greatest movies, including The Wizard of Oz. These studios embody the Hollywood studio system of the golden age — the same system that made and broke her career.

Carnegie Hall, New York

The site of her legendary concert on April 23, 1961, widely regarded as one of the greatest live musical events of the 20th century. That night, Judy Garland triumphed before a standing audience for over two hours.

London, United Kingdom

Judy Garland performed multiple times at the London Palladium and found a devoted, passionate audience in England. It was in London that she died on June 22, 1969, in her Chelsea apartment.

Palace Theatre, New York

A landmark of American vaudeville where Judy Garland gave a series of triumphant concerts in 1951, marking her return to the stage after her dismissal from MGM and cementing her legend as a survivor.

Gallery

Royal Air Force Fighter Command, 1939-1945. CH2538

Royal Air Force Fighter Command, 1939-1945. CH2538

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Royal Air Force official photographer, Tovey P H F (Mr)


Oak leaves [electronic resource]

Oak leaves [electronic resource]

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Baptist Female University (Raleigh, N.C.) Baptist University for Women (Raleigh, N.C.) Meredith College (Raleigh, N

John Oliver (cutout) and paintings in Last Week Tonight's Masterpiece Gallery at the Judy Garland Museum

John Oliver (cutout) and paintings in Last Week Tonight's Masterpiece Gallery at the Judy Garland Museum

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — Lorie Shaull


Wagon Trails

Wagon Trails

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Unknown authorUnknown author

Al Jolson, George Gershwin, Irving Caesar, Swanee 1920

Al Jolson, George Gershwin, Irving Caesar, Swanee 1920

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — George Gershwin

Judy Garland publicity photo

Judy Garland publicity photo

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Eric Carpenter for en:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The display case at the 8 Track Museum (14198777158)

The display case at the 8 Track Museum (14198777158)

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 — Leonard Nevarez

JUDYGarland

JUDYGarland

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Studio Publicity

Judy Garland Half tone image

Judy Garland Half tone image

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — RookiArt

Smithsonian National Museum of American History - Dorothy Ruby Slippers (6269207855)

Smithsonian National Museum of American History - Dorothy Ruby Slippers (6269207855)

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 — Chris Evans from same, United States

See also