Li Bai

Li Bai

701 — 762

dynastie Tang

LiteratureMiddle AgesTang Dynasty (618–907), a period of cultural and artistic flourishing in medieval China, contemporary with the Early Middle Ages in Europe

Li Bai (701–762) is considered one of the greatest poets of imperial China, known as the "Drunken Genius" or the "Immortal Poet." He lived during the Tang dynasty, the golden age of Chinese poetry. His work, deeply influenced by Taoism, celebrates nature, friendship, wine, and the moon.

Famous Quotes

« Before my bed, a beam of moonlight — I thought it was frost upon the ground. »
« We drink together, the mountain and I, until the moon sets between us. »

Key Facts

  • Born in 701, probably in Central Asia (in the region of present-day Kazakhstan or in Sichuan)
  • Lived at the court of Emperor Xuanzong around 742–744, before being dismissed
  • Wrote more than 1,000 poems, many celebrating nature, the moon, and wine
  • Exiled following the An Lushan Rebellion (755–763), he wandered through southern China
  • Died in 762 in Dangtu (Anhui province); legend holds that he drowned while trying to grasp the moon's reflection in the water

Works & Achievements

Jing ye si (Thoughts on a Silent Night) (c. 726)

A four-line poem among the most memorized in all of Chinese literature, evoking homesickness by moonlight. Its apparent simplicity and emotional depth make it a timeless masterpiece.

Jiang jin jiu (Bring in the Wine!) (c. 752)

A long lyric poem celebrating wine, friendship, and the refusal to yield to melancholy in the face of time's passage. Considered one of the pinnacles of the ancient-style poetry (gushi) of the Tang period.

Collected Works of Li Bai (Li Taibai ji) (762, edited by Li Yangbing)

A compilation of Li Bai's poetic works assembled by his cousin shortly before his death, gathering around 1,000 poems. This collection forms the foundation of all later editions of his work.

Night Mooring on the Jing River (Ye bo Niuhu) (c. 759)

A poem composed during the difficult years following his exile, bearing witness to his ability to find beauty and serenity in the midst of personal hardship and the turmoil gripping the empire.

Hard Roads (Xing lu nan) (c. 744)

A sequence of three poems composed after his dismissal from court, expressing both frustration at life's obstacles and an unshakeable faith in the future. This cycle is emblematic of his genius for transforming personal experience into art.

Anecdotes

Li Bai was famous for his love of wine. It is said that he composed his finest poems in a state of intoxication, dictating verses to servants who rushed to write them down. Emperor Xuanzong himself is said to have admired this singular talent and invited the poet to court to enliven the imperial festivities.

Around 742, Li Bai was invited to join the court at Chang'an as an official poet. But his independent nature and excessive drinking quickly displeased the courtiers. After only two years, the emperor dismissed him with a generous reward — a polite way of ridding himself of this uncontrollable genius.

The most famous legend surrounding his death holds that he drowned trying to embrace the reflection of the moon in a lake from his boat, tumbling into the water while drunk. Though this story was almost certainly invented, it perfectly captures the image of the romantic, moon-struck poet that posterity has chosen to remember.

Li Bai considered himself a follower of Taoism and pursued the quest for immortality. He is said to have spent several years wandering from mountain to mountain, seeking Taoist hermits who could teach him the secrets of longevity. This spiritual quest deeply shaped his poetry, in which nature and the cosmos hold a central place.

During the An Lushan Rebellion (755–763), Li Bai rashly joined the retinue of a prince who had risen up against the reigning emperor. Arrested and sentenced to exile, he was ultimately pardoned along the way thanks to the intervention of an admiring general. This tragic episode, lived out in his old age, cast a shadow over the final years of his life.

Primary Sources

Jing ye si (Quiet Night Thoughts) (c. 726)
Before my bed, the bright moonlight — it looks like frost upon the ground. I raise my head and gaze at the brilliant moon; I lower my head and think of home.
Jiang jin jiu (Bring in the Wine) (c. 752)
Do you not see the waters of the Yellow River descend from heaven, rushing to the sea and never returning? Do you not see in the high halls men lamenting their white hair, black as silk in the morning, white as snow by evening?
Du Fu, poem addressed to Li Bai (Dreaming of Li Bai) (c. 759)
I dream of you often, my friend — a sign of how deep my affection runs. You dwelt among forests and lakes, yet you haunted my thoughts.
Xin Tang shu (New Book of Tang), biography of Li Bai (1060)
Li Bai, free-spirited and unburdened by worldly cares, loved wine and the composition of poetry. He traveled the mountains and rivers of the entire empire, and his reputation spread beyond the borders of China.

Key Places

Chang'an (present-day Xi'an), Tang capital

The imperial capital of the Tang Empire and one of the largest cities in the world at the time, Chang'an was the center of cultural and political life where Li Bai resided at the court of Emperor Xuanzong between 742 and 744.

Mount Lu (Lushan), Jiangxi Province

This iconic mountain range, celebrated for its mists and waterfalls, inspired one of Li Bai's most famous poems, 'Viewing the Waterfall at Mount Lu', and reflects his deep love for majestic landscapes.

Dangtu, Anhui Province

The place where Li Bai died in 762, having taken refuge with his cousin Li Yangbing. It was here that his poems were gathered and edited, and where he was buried at the foot of Mount Qingshan.

Yangtze River

Li Bai traveled extensively along China's great river and celebrated it in many poems. The Three Gorges in particular, with their dizzying cliffs, fired his poetic imagination.

Suyab (present-day Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan)

A garrison town on the western frontier of the Tang Empire, considered the most likely birthplace of Li Bai, bearing witness to the vast reach and cultural diversity of the empire at its height.

Gallery


Chinese:  《唐名臣像-唐劍南節度參謀檢校工部員外杜甫》label QS:Lzh,"唐名臣像-唐劍南節度參謀檢校工部員外杜甫"

Chinese: 《唐名臣像-唐劍南節度參謀檢校工部員外杜甫》label QS:Lzh,"唐名臣像-唐劍南節度參謀檢校工部員外杜甫"

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Unknown authorUnknown author

Li Bai viewing the waterfall at Mr. Lu, by Soami (d. 1525), Japan, Muromachi period, approx. 1500-1525, hanging scroll, ink on paper - Asian Art Museum of San Francisco - DSC01478

Li Bai viewing the waterfall at Mr. Lu, by Soami (d. 1525), Japan, Muromachi period, approx. 1500-1525, hanging scroll, ink on paper - Asian Art Museum of San Francisco - DSC01478

Wikimedia Commons, CC0 — Daderot

A Painting of Li Bai with his poetry

A Painting of Li Bai with his poetry

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Unknown authorUnknown author


painting, hanging scroll

painting, hanging scroll

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Inconnu


Chinese:  《唐名臣像-唐翰林供奉李白》label QS:Lzh,"唐名臣像-唐翰林供奉李白"

Chinese: 《唐名臣像-唐翰林供奉李白》label QS:Lzh,"唐名臣像-唐翰林供奉李白"

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Unknown authorUnknown author

Chengdu 1996 128

Chengdu 1996 128

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — G41rn8

Du Fu Thatched Cottage Museum 108 (14430853014)

Du Fu Thatched Cottage Museum 108 (14430853014)

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 — LanguageTeaching

Du Fu Thatched Cottage Museum 110 (14245376908)

Du Fu Thatched Cottage Museum 110 (14245376908)

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 — LanguageTeaching

杜甫草堂-李白泥塑像-民国·蔡缉武

杜甫草堂-李白泥塑像-民国·蔡缉武

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — Kcx36

Long Corridor-夜宴桃李园

Long Corridor-夜宴桃李园

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 — Shizhao

See also