Li Bai
Li Bai
701 — 762
dynastie Tang
Li Bai (701–762) is considered one of the greatest poets of imperial China, known as the "Drunken Genius" or the "Immortal Poet." He lived during the Tang dynasty, the golden age of Chinese poetry. His work, deeply influenced by Taoism, celebrates nature, friendship, wine, and the moon.
Famous Quotes
« Before my bed, a beam of moonlight — I thought it was frost upon the ground. »
« We drink together, the mountain and I, until the moon sets between us. »
Key Facts
- Born in 701, probably in Central Asia (in the region of present-day Kazakhstan or in Sichuan)
- Lived at the court of Emperor Xuanzong around 742–744, before being dismissed
- Wrote more than 1,000 poems, many celebrating nature, the moon, and wine
- Exiled following the An Lushan Rebellion (755–763), he wandered through southern China
- Died in 762 in Dangtu (Anhui province); legend holds that he drowned while trying to grasp the moon's reflection in the water
Works & Achievements
A four-line poem among the most memorized in all of Chinese literature, evoking homesickness by moonlight. Its apparent simplicity and emotional depth make it a timeless masterpiece.
A long lyric poem celebrating wine, friendship, and the refusal to yield to melancholy in the face of time's passage. Considered one of the pinnacles of the ancient-style poetry (gushi) of the Tang period.
A compilation of Li Bai's poetic works assembled by his cousin shortly before his death, gathering around 1,000 poems. This collection forms the foundation of all later editions of his work.
A poem composed during the difficult years following his exile, bearing witness to his ability to find beauty and serenity in the midst of personal hardship and the turmoil gripping the empire.
A sequence of three poems composed after his dismissal from court, expressing both frustration at life's obstacles and an unshakeable faith in the future. This cycle is emblematic of his genius for transforming personal experience into art.
Anecdotes
Li Bai was famous for his love of wine. It is said that he composed his finest poems in a state of intoxication, dictating verses to servants who rushed to write them down. Emperor Xuanzong himself is said to have admired this singular talent and invited the poet to court to enliven the imperial festivities.
Around 742, Li Bai was invited to join the court at Chang'an as an official poet. But his independent nature and excessive drinking quickly displeased the courtiers. After only two years, the emperor dismissed him with a generous reward — a polite way of ridding himself of this uncontrollable genius.
The most famous legend surrounding his death holds that he drowned trying to embrace the reflection of the moon in a lake from his boat, tumbling into the water while drunk. Though this story was almost certainly invented, it perfectly captures the image of the romantic, moon-struck poet that posterity has chosen to remember.
Li Bai considered himself a follower of Taoism and pursued the quest for immortality. He is said to have spent several years wandering from mountain to mountain, seeking Taoist hermits who could teach him the secrets of longevity. This spiritual quest deeply shaped his poetry, in which nature and the cosmos hold a central place.
During the An Lushan Rebellion (755–763), Li Bai rashly joined the retinue of a prince who had risen up against the reigning emperor. Arrested and sentenced to exile, he was ultimately pardoned along the way thanks to the intervention of an admiring general. This tragic episode, lived out in his old age, cast a shadow over the final years of his life.
Primary Sources
Before my bed, the bright moonlight — it looks like frost upon the ground. I raise my head and gaze at the brilliant moon; I lower my head and think of home.
Do you not see the waters of the Yellow River descend from heaven, rushing to the sea and never returning? Do you not see in the high halls men lamenting their white hair, black as silk in the morning, white as snow by evening?
I dream of you often, my friend — a sign of how deep my affection runs. You dwelt among forests and lakes, yet you haunted my thoughts.
Li Bai, free-spirited and unburdened by worldly cares, loved wine and the composition of poetry. He traveled the mountains and rivers of the entire empire, and his reputation spread beyond the borders of China.
Key Places
The imperial capital of the Tang Empire and one of the largest cities in the world at the time, Chang'an was the center of cultural and political life where Li Bai resided at the court of Emperor Xuanzong between 742 and 744.
This iconic mountain range, celebrated for its mists and waterfalls, inspired one of Li Bai's most famous poems, 'Viewing the Waterfall at Mount Lu', and reflects his deep love for majestic landscapes.
The place where Li Bai died in 762, having taken refuge with his cousin Li Yangbing. It was here that his poems were gathered and edited, and where he was buried at the foot of Mount Qingshan.
Li Bai traveled extensively along China's great river and celebrated it in many poems. The Three Gorges in particular, with their dizzying cliffs, fired his poetic imagination.
A garrison town on the western frontier of the Tang Empire, considered the most likely birthplace of Li Bai, bearing witness to the vast reach and cultural diversity of the empire at its height.
Gallery
Chinese: 《唐名臣像-唐劍南節度參謀檢校工部員外杜甫》label QS:Lzh,"唐名臣像-唐劍南節度參謀檢校工部員外杜甫"
Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Unknown authorUnknown author
Li Bai viewing the waterfall at Mr. Lu, by Soami (d. 1525), Japan, Muromachi period, approx. 1500-1525, hanging scroll, ink on paper - Asian Art Museum of San Francisco - DSC01478
Wikimedia Commons, CC0 — Daderot

