Biography

An American film and stage actress, Katharine Hepburn (1907–2003) is considered one of the greatest stars of Hollywood's Golden Age. She won four Academy Awards for Best Actress, an absolute record.

Katharine Hepburn(1907 — 2003)

Katharine Hepburn

États-Unis

8 min read

Performing Arts20th CenturyGolden Age of Hollywood, women's emancipation, and 20th-century counterculture

Frequently asked questions

Katharine Hepburn (1907–2003) is one of the greatest actresses of Hollywood's golden age. What makes her unique is that she won four Academy Awards for Best Actress — an absolute record that still stands. But the key thing to understand is that she built her career by refusing the star system: she personally bought the rights to her films, insisted on her own wardrobe choices, and led an independent life far from the Hollywood social scene. She embodies women's emancipation in an America where women were only just beginning to win rights, such as voting (1920) and access to higher education.

Famous Quotes

« I never lost a friend I wanted to keep.»
« Life is what happens while you are busy making other plans.»

Key Facts

  • Born on May 12, 1907, in Hartford, Connecticut
  • First Oscar nomination in 1933 for Morning Glory
  • Four Academy Awards for Best Actress (1933, 1967, 1968, 1981), an unmatched record
  • Known for her roles as independent and unconventional women in Hollywood
  • Died on June 29, 2003, at the age of 96

Works & Achievements

Morning Glory (1933)

Hepburn's first Academy Award for Best Actress, at the age of 26. She plays a young, ambitious actress determined to make it on Broadway — a role that brought her immediate international recognition.

The Philadelphia Story (1940)

A film she produced by purchasing the rights to the original play herself, which allowed her to dictate her own terms to MGM. Both a commercial and critical triumph, it stands as one of the most spectacular comebacks in Hollywood history.

Woman of the Year (1942)

Her first collaboration with Spencer Tracy, who would become her partner on screen and in life for twenty-six years. Hepburn plays a brilliant, independent journalist — an iconic portrait of the "modern woman."

The African Queen (1951)

Shot in the jungles of the Belgian Congo alongside Humphrey Bogart under grueling conditions of heat and tropical illness. The film is considered one of the undisputed classics of Hollywood adventure.

Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)

A film that directly confronted interracial marriage in an America torn apart by the civil rights struggle. Spencer Tracy, her off-screen partner, died seventeen days after the end of filming.

The Lion in Winter (1968)

Hepburn's third Oscar, shared in a tie with Barbra Streisand — a first in Academy Awards history. She plays Eleanor of Aquitaine in a masterful battle of wits opposite Peter O'Toole.

On Golden Pond (1981)

Her fourth and final Academy Award for Best Actress — an absolute record to this day. Hepburn stars alongside Henry Fonda in this deeply moving portrait of aging and family reconciliation.

Anecdotes

In the 1930s, Katharine Hepburn shocked Hollywood by regularly wearing trousers, an outfit considered scandalous for a woman. One day, studio executives confiscated her trousers to force her into a dress. She responded by wandering the set in her underwear until they were returned to her.

In 1938, an American theater owners' association published a blacklist dubbed "box-office poison" that included Hepburn, accused of no longer drawing audiences. She struck back by personally purchasing the rights to the play *The Philadelphia Story*, adapted it for the screen, and negotiated with MGM to play the lead role — the film was a triumph and stands as one of the greatest comebacks in Hollywood history.

Katharine Hepburn never attended the Oscars ceremony to collect her awards. She won four statuettes — an all-time record to this day — without ever taking the stage to accept them in person, declaring that such ceremonies held no meaning for her.

Her romantic relationship with actor Spencer Tracy, who was married and a devout Catholic, lasted twenty-six years until his death in 1967, seventeen days after they wrapped filming on *Guess Who's Coming to Dinner*. Hepburn kept the affair entirely private out of respect for Tracy's wife, refusing to appear publicly at his funeral.

Well into old age, Hepburn swam every morning in Long Island Sound in front of her family home in Fenwick, even in the dead of winter. She credited this daily discipline with her remarkable longevity and legendary energy.

Primary Sources

Me: Stories of My Life (1991)
I have many regrets, and I'm sure everyone does. The stupid things you do, you regret if you have any sense, and if you don't regret them, maybe you're stupid.
Interview given to Barbara Walters, ABC News (1981)
I have not lived as a woman. I have lived as a man. I've just done what I damn well wanted to, and I've made enough money to support myself, and ain't afraid of being alone.
Letter from Katharine Hepburn to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (refusal to attend the Oscars ceremony) (1934)
You people have your job to do and I have mine. Giving prizes for acting seems to me very strange.
Review by Bosley Crowther, The New York Times, on The Philadelphia Story (1940)
Miss Hepburn is perfection itself — so crisp and glittering and right that one can only gasp with admiration.
Acceptance Speech for the AFI Lifetime Achievement Award, American Film Institute (1974)
I'm not a great actress. But I've been a good actress in good pictures with good directors.

Key Places

Hartford, Connecticut

Katharine Hepburn's birthplace, where she was born on May 12, 1907, into a wealthy and progressive family. Her father was a urologist and her mother an active feminist activist and suffragist.

Fenwick, Old Saybrook, Connecticut

The Hepburn family home on the shores of Long Island Sound, a retreat where Katharine spent her entire life and died in 2003. She swam there daily well into old age.

Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania

A prestigious women's liberal arts college where Hepburn earned her degree in philosophy and economics in 1928. The campus's intellectual and feminist atmosphere shaped her independent character.

Hollywood, Los Angeles, California

The world center of the film industry, where Hepburn made virtually her entire screen career, signing contracts with RKO and then MGM. She lived and worked there throughout the decades of Hollywood's golden age.

Broadway, New York

Hepburn launched her career in New York theater and returned to it regularly throughout her life, most notably in *The Philadelphia Story* in 1939, which revived her career after the "box-office poison" crisis.

See also