Born on June 1

A French engineer and statesman trained at the École Polytechnique, Sadi Carnot was elected President of the Republic in 1887. His seven-year term was marked by the scandals of the Third Republic. He was assassinated in Lyon in 1894 by the Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio.

An American actress, model, and singer, Marilyn Monroe became one of the major cultural icons of the 20th century. A symbol of Hollywood glamour and American consumer society in the 1950s–1960s, her tragic life continues to fuel conversations about the treatment of women in the entertainment industry.

Henry Odera Oruka (1944-1995) was a Kenyan philosopher and a major figure in contemporary African philosophy. He is known for his project of “sage philosophy” (the philosophy of wisdom), which gathers and analyzes the thought of traditional African sages.