Marilyn Monroe

Marilyn Monroe

1926 — 1962

États-Unis

Performing ArtsMusic20th CenturyCold War and American consumer society (1950s–1960s)

An American actress, model, and singer, Marilyn Monroe became one of the major cultural icons of the 20th century. A symbol of Hollywood glamour and American consumer society in the 1950s–1960s, her tragic life continues to fuel conversations about the treatment of women in the entertainment industry.

Famous Quotes

« I don't want to make money, I just want to be wonderful. »
« I am a serious woman who is not taken seriously. »
« Give a girl the right shoes and she can conquer the world. »

Key Facts

  • 1926: Birth of Norma Jeane Mortenson in Los Angeles
  • 1953: International breakthrough with Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry a Millionaire
  • 1954: Marriage to baseball legend Joe DiMaggio, a symbol of America
  • 1959: Some Like It Hot by Billy Wilder, a landmark American comedy
  • 1962: Death at age 36 under circumstances that remain mysterious

Works & Achievements

Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953)

A musical film directed by Howard Hawks, in which Marilyn Monroe plays Lorelei Lee and performs 'Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend'. The film crystallized her image as the alluring, ambitious blonde, and cemented her status as an international star.

The Seven Year Itch (1955)

A comedy directed by Billy Wilder, famous for the iconic scene of the white dress billowing over a subway grate. The film is one of the most enduring images of American popular culture in the 1950s.

Some Like It Hot (1959)

Considered one of the greatest comedies of all time, this Billy Wilder film earned Marilyn Monroe a Golden Globe. She plays Sugar Kane, a naive but endearing character, delivering a comic performance widely praised by critics.

The Misfits (1961)

Marilyn Monroe's last completed film, written expressly for her by her husband Arthur Miller. This dark dramatic film directed by John Huston marks the end of an era and a turn toward a dramatic acting career that her death cut short.

Founding of Marilyn Monroe Productions (1955)

By creating her own production company, Marilyn Monroe became one of the first actresses to assert her artistic and financial independence in Hollywood, paving the way for other women in the industry.

Performance of 'Happy Birthday, Mr. President' (May 19, 1962)

A live performance at Madison Square Garden in New York City, at President Kennedy's birthday gala. This moment, captured by hundreds of photographers, remains one of the most talked-about public appearances of the twentieth century.

Anecdotes

Marilyn Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson on June 1, 1926, in Los Angeles. With an absent father and an unstable mother, she spent much of her childhood in foster homes and an orphanage. It was in 1946, at age 20, that she signed her first contract with 20th Century Fox and adopted the stage name Marilyn Monroe.

In 1954, Marilyn Monroe married baseball legend Joe DiMaggio. Their marriage lasted only nine months, but DiMaggio remained deeply devoted to her until the end: after her death in 1962, he arranged for fresh roses to be placed on her grave every week for twenty years.

In May 1962, Marilyn Monroe sang a legendary 'Happy Birthday, Mr. President' at Madison Square Garden in New York, in honor of President John F. Kennedy's 45th birthday. She wore a rhinestone-studded gown so form-fitting it had to be sewn onto her. The performance remains one of the most iconic images of 1960s America.

Despite her image as a 'dumb blonde,' Marilyn Monroe was an avid reader and a cultured woman. She owned a personal library of over 400 books, read Dostoevsky, Proust, and Joyce, and trained seriously as an actress at the Actors Studio in New York under the direction of Lee Strasberg.

In 1955, Marilyn Monroe founded her own production company, Marilyn Monroe Productions, together with her friend and photographer Milton Greene. This move — unusual for an actress at the time — allowed her to renegotiate her contract with Fox and gain greater control over her roles and her career.

Primary Sources

My Story — autobiography dictated by Marilyn Monroe (1954 (published 1974))
I knew I belonged to the public and to the world, not because I was talented or even beautiful, but because I had never belonged to anything or anyone else.
Contract with 20th Century Fox (1946)
Norma Jeane Dougherty, henceforth known as Marilyn Monroe, agrees to perform exclusively for the company for a period of one year, renewable.
Interview with Life Magazine (1958)
A career is wonderful, but you can't curl up with it on a cold night. What I really want is to be a good actress.
Letter to Lee Strasberg, director of the Actors Studio (1955)
I want to be a real actress, not just an image. I want to feel things from the inside and show them to the audience in an authentic way.
Public statement at the founding of Marilyn Monroe Productions (January 1955)
I am tired of being exploited. I want the right to choose my own roles and to have a say in the making of my films.

Key Places

Los Angeles, California, United States

The birthplace of Marilyn Monroe and the cradle of her Hollywood career. It was in Los Angeles that she was discovered, where she filmed her greatest movies, and where she died on August 4, 1962.

Grauman's Chinese Theatre, Hollywood

The legendary Hollywood theater where Marilyn Monroe pressed her handprints and footprints into the cement in 1953, joining the pantheon of American cinema's greatest stars.

Actors Studio, New York

The renowned acting school where Marilyn Monroe studied with Lee Strasberg from 1955, seeking to deepen her craft as an actress beyond her sex symbol image.

Madison Square Garden, New York

The iconic New York venue where Marilyn Monroe sang 'Happy Birthday, Mr. President' on May 19, 1962, at President Kennedy's birthday gala, before an audience of 15,000.

Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery, Los Angeles

The burial place of Marilyn Monroe, where she was laid to rest on August 8, 1962. Joe DiMaggio arranged for red roses to be placed there three times a week for twenty years after her death.

Gallery

Marilyn Monroe Oelgemälde

Marilyn Monroe Oelgemälde

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0 de — Ralf Krampe

Marilyn Monroe I

Marilyn Monroe I

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 — Silvia Klippert (painting) / John Klippert (photo)

Marilyn Monroe II

Marilyn Monroe II

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 — Silvia Klippert (painting) / John Klippert (photo)

Matías Argudín -Marilyn Monroe-

Matías Argudín -Marilyn Monroe-

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0 — Matías Argudín

Marilyn Monroe Painting Collage Art On Book Pages By Danor Shtruzman

Marilyn Monroe Painting Collage Art On Book Pages By Danor Shtruzman

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — ShtruzmanDanor

Marilyn Monroe Wax Statue in Madame Tussauds London

Marilyn Monroe Wax Statue in Madame Tussauds London

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 — Mvkulkarni23

Marilyn Monroe Sculpture - Birmingham - England (28149453251)

Marilyn Monroe Sculpture - Birmingham - England (28149453251)

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0 — Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada

Chicago 20111223 175 Marilyn Monroe statue (6994827557)

Chicago 20111223 175 Marilyn Monroe statue (6994827557)

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 — David Wilson from Oak Park, Illinois, USA

Texel - Den Hoorn - Klif - Winterview on Marilyn Monroe Statue

Texel - Den Hoorn - Klif - Winterview on Marilyn Monroe Statue

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — Txllxt TxllxT

Marilyn Monroe photo pose Seven Year Itch, edit

Marilyn Monroe photo pose Seven Year Itch, edit

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Sam Shaw

See also