Jonathan Swift
Jonathan Swift
1667 — 1745
royaume d'Irlande
Anglo-Irish writer and satirist (1667–1745), Jonathan Swift is the author of Gulliver's Travels. Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin, he used literature as a political and social weapon against the injustices of his time.
Famous Quotes
« When a true genius appears in the world, you may know him by this sign: that all the dunces are in confederacy against him. »
« Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps and hornets break through. »
Key Facts
- 1667: Born in Dublin, into a Protestant English family settled in Ireland
- 1704: Publication of A Tale of a Tub, a scathing satire of religious quarrels
- 1713: Appointed Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin
- 1726: Publication of Gulliver's Travels, a masterpiece of philosophical and political satire
- 1729: Publication of A Modest Proposal, an ironic pamphlet denouncing Irish poverty under English domination
Works & Achievements
A fierce satire of religious disputes among Catholics, Anglicans, and Puritans, told through the story of three brothers who inherit a coat. The work's irreverence proved too much for some, and it cost Swift any chance of a high church position in England.
A satirical pamphlet on the quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns, in which old and new books wage war inside a library. Swift sides with the Ancients against the vanity of contemporary scholars.
A series of five anonymous letters signed by a humble Irish draper, denouncing a plan to flood Ireland with debased coinage. This successful popular campaign made Swift a champion of the Irish cause.
A masterpiece of world satirical literature, following the adventures of Lemuel Gulliver among imaginary peoples. Each voyage is a veiled critique of politics, war, science, and human pride.
A short pamphlet that coolly proposes cooking Irish infants to feed the English wealthy. Considered the pinnacle of literary irony, it lays bare the brutality of British colonial policy in Ireland.
A collection of intimate letters addressed to Esther Johnson during Swift's London years, revealing a tender and sometimes mischievous side of the man. An invaluable document on the daily life and politics of the era.
Anecdotes
In 1729, Swift published 'A Modest Proposal', a pamphlet coldly suggesting that Irish babies be eaten to solve famine and overpopulation. Some horrified readers took it at face value, but it was in fact a savage satire of British policy toward Ireland. It remains one of the most powerful examples of irony in world literature.
In 1724, Swift anonymously published the 'Drapier's Letters', a series of pamphlets opposing a plan to impose debased copper coinage on Ireland, manufactured by one William Wood. His campaign proved so effective that the British government abandoned the scheme. Dublin celebrated him as a hero, and the governor offered a reward to identify the anonymous author — whom everyone already knew perfectly well.
Swift was deeply devoted to Esther Johnson, whom he called 'Stella' and had known since childhood at the home of his patron Sir William Temple. For years he wrote her an intimate journal of rare tenderness, published posthumously as the 'Journal to Stella'. The true nature of their relationship — deep friendship, platonic love, or secret marriage — has fascinated and puzzled historians for three centuries.
Swift suffered from dizziness and balance disorders throughout his life, likely caused by Ménière's disease. In his final years, he was declared mentally incapacitated in 1742. Ironically, the man who had devoted his life to exposing the folly of the powerful ultimately descended into dementia himself. True to form until the end, he had arranged to leave his entire fortune to fund a psychiatric hospital in Dublin — St Patrick's Hospital — which still exists today.
A member of the famous Scriblerus Club alongside Alexander Pope, John Gay, and John Arbuthnot, Swift took part in literary gatherings where these satirical minds collaborated on the imagined adventures of a fictional character, Martinus Scriblerus — a pompous and foolish scholar. This collaboration gave rise to major works: Gulliver's Travels for Swift and 'The Dunciad' for Pope. The club embodied an Enlightenment ideal: the critical spirit put to the service of social satire.
Primary Sources
"My little right hand can easily grasp your entire body and set you down upon the ground." — Lemuel Gulliver describing his situation in Lilliput, where he is a giant among tiny men, before finding himself a dwarf among the Brobdingnagians.
"I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed is, at a year old, a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled."
"I am a tradesman of Dublin, with no pretension to politics or affairs of state, but I know that when I am robbed, I have been robbed, and that the whole country is being stripped bare by this contemptible coinage."
"I love you a thousand times better than ever, if that be possible; and I wish it were in my power to show it you in a hundred different ways."
"Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody's face but their own; which is the chief reason for that kind reception it meets with in the world."
Key Places
Swift served as Dean of this Anglican cathedral from 1713 until his death in 1745. He is buried there alongside Esther Johnson ('Stella') and composed his own epitaph in Latin, famous for its bitterness and fierce pride.
The country estate of Sir William Temple, diplomat and patron, where Swift worked as secretary from 1689 to 1699. It was here that he met the young Esther Johnson ('Stella') and received his intellectual and political formation.
The heart of London's press and political circles, where Swift frequented coffee houses and printing shops during his years as a Tory pamphleteer (1710–1714). He mixed there with Pope, Gay, Arbuthnot, and the leading literary figures of his age.
A small Irish living Swift received in 1700, where he stayed regularly. This quiet village served as a retreat between his turbulent London sojourns, and he laid out a garden there of which he was particularly proud.
The impoverished neighbourhoods surrounding St Patrick's were part of Swift's daily landscape. The destitution of Irish weavers, victims of British economic policy, directly inspired his most politically engaged pamphlets.
Gallery
Jonathan Swift by Rupert Barber, 1745, National Portrait Gallery, London
Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Rupert Barber

Jonathan Swift title QS:P1476,en:"Jonathan Swift "label QS:Len,"Jonathan Swift "label QS:Lbn,"জোনাথন সুইফট"
Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Charles Jervas
THE STREETS OF DUBLIN (3130881891)
Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0 — William Murphy from Dublin, Ireland

