Freddie Hubbard(1938 — 2008)

Freddie Hubbard

États-Unis

5 min read

MusicCompositeur/trice20th CenturySecond half of the 20th century, the golden age of hard bop and the rise of jazz fusion in the United States, in the wake of be-bop and the great years of the Blue Note label.

Freddie Hubbard (1938-2008) was an American jazz trumpeter, one of the major figures of hard bop. Blessed with a brilliant technique and a dazzling sound, he left his mark on the 1960s and 1970s before broadening his style toward jazz fusion.

Frequently asked questions

Pour comprendre l'importance de Freddie Hubbard, il faut imaginer un trompettiste qui, dans les années 1960, incarne la virtuosité du hard bop tout en participant aux expériences les plus radicales du free jazz et du jazz fusion. Ce qui le rend singulier, c'est qu'il n'est pas seulement un soliste éclatant — son jeu technique et rapide s'inspire de son idole Clifford Brown — mais aussi un sideman polyvalent qui a joué sur des albums majeurs comme Out to Lunch! d'Eric Dolphy ou Maiden Voyage de Herbie Hancock. Moins une figure de rupture qu'un trait d'union entre les générations, il a marqué le label Blue Note par ses propres chefs-d'œuvre, d'Open Sesame à Red Clay.

Key Facts

  • Born on April 7, 1938, in Indianapolis (Indiana), died on December 29, 2008, in Sherman Oaks (California).
  • Member of Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers in the early 1960s, a benchmark school of hard bop.
  • Took part in landmark avant-garde albums: Ornette Coleman's 'Free Jazz' (1960), Eric Dolphy's 'Out to Lunch' (1964), John Coltrane's 'Ascension' (1965), and Herbie Hancock's 'Maiden Voyage' (1965).
  • Recorded as a leader for Blue Note ('Open Sesame', 1960; 'Ready for Freddie', 1961; 'Hub-Tones', 1962).
  • Won a Grammy Award for the album 'First Light' (1972), during his shift toward jazz fusion at CTI Records.

Works & Achievements

Open Sesame (1960)

Hubbard's first album as a leader, on Blue Note; at just 22, he already shows off his dazzling technique.

Free Jazz (with Ornette Coleman) (1960)

A revolutionary collective recording he takes part in, blending two quartets improvising at the same time.

Ready for Freddie (1961)

A landmark album from his Blue Note period, surrounded by musicians like Wayne Shorter and McCoy Tyner.

Out to Lunch! (Eric Dolphy) and Maiden Voyage (Herbie Hancock) (1964-1965)

Major, daring records on which Hubbard plays the trumpet, proof of his versatility.

Red Clay (1970)

His most famous album, blending hard bop, soul, and funk; a classic of 1970s jazz.

First Light (1971)

An album with refined orchestrations that earns him a Grammy Award.

V.S.O.P. (1977)

An onstage reunion of Miles Davis's former quintet, where Hubbard takes back the role of star trumpeter.

Anecdotes

When Freddie Hubbard arrived in New York in 1958, he shared an apartment with the multi-instrumentalist Eric Dolphy. The two musicians rehearsed together for hours and pushed each other to explore new ideas, which shaped the young trumpeter.

In December 1960, at only 22, Hubbard took part in the recording of Ornette Coleman's “Free Jazz”: two quartets improvised at the same time for nearly forty minutes. It was one of the boldest experiments in the history of jazz.

Hubbard idolized the trumpeter Clifford Brown, who died in a car accident in 1956 at only 25. His brilliant, lightning-fast technique was directly inspired by his hero, whose virtuosity he dreamed of matching.

In 1961, he joined drummer Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers, a true “university of jazz” through which the greatest soloists passed. Alongside Blakey, Hubbard learned to lead a band and earned an international reputation.

In 1992, a split lip that was poorly treated became infected and severely damaged his embouchure — the lip control essential to any trumpeter. Despite years of effort, he never regained all of his former power, a tragedy for such a virtuoso.

Primary Sources

Open Sesame (Blue Note BLP 4040) (1960)
Freddie Hubbard's first album as a leader, recorded on June 19, 1960; this record already showcases the dazzling maturity of the 22-year-old trumpeter.
Red Clay (CTI Records) (1970)
Album recorded in January 1970; its title track “Red Clay” became one of the most widely covered themes in soul- and funk-tinged jazz.
Reported remarks by Freddie Hubbard on Clifford Brown (interviews, 1970s–1980s)
Hubbard often repeated that Clifford Brown was his idol and that he had first tried to reproduce his playing before finding his own voice.

Key Places

Indianapolis (Indiana)

City in Indiana where Freddie Hubbard was born in 1938 and took his first steps as a musician.

New York

The world capital of jazz, where Hubbard settled in 1958 and launched his career in the clubs and studios.

Englewood Cliffs (Rudy Van Gelder's studio)

New Jersey studio where engineer Rudy Van Gelder recorded much of Hubbard's Blue Note output.

Sherman Oaks (Los Angeles)

Los Angeles neighborhood where Hubbard, settled on the West Coast, died in December 2008.

See also