Abbey Lincoln(1930 — 2010)

Abbey Lincoln

États-Unis

6 min read

MusicPerforming ArtsSociety20th CenturyThe 20th-century United States, from the postwar years to the turn of the 21st century, marked by the struggle for African American civil rights and the golden age of modern jazz.

American jazz singer, songwriter, and actress, a major figure of artistic commitment to the civil rights movement. Her expressive voice and her lyrics make her an emblematic artist of 20th-century jazz.

Frequently asked questions

Abbey Lincoln (1930-2010) est bien plus qu'une chanteuse de jazz : ce qui la distingue de ses contemporaines, c'est qu'elle a transformé son art en arme politique. Née Anna Marie Wooldridge à Chicago, elle commence comme chanteuse glamour de cabaret, avant de rompre avec cette image sous l'influence du batteur Max Roach et du mouvement des droits civiques. Ce qu'il faut retenir, c'est qu'elle devient alors une voix majeure du jazz engagé, mêlant hard bop et textes militants. Moins une interprète qu'une autrice-compositrice affirmée, elle impose un style vocal expressif capable de passer du murmure au cri.

Key Facts

  • Born on August 6, 1930, in Chicago; died on August 14, 2010, in New York
  • Took part in 1960 in the landmark album “We Insist! Max Roach's Freedom Now Suite” denouncing segregation
  • Married to drummer Max Roach from 1962 to 1970, a period of intense activism
  • Film actress, notably in “Nothing But a Man” (1964) and “For Love of Ivy” (1968)
  • Career revival in the 1990s with Verve, recognized as a great writer of her own songs

Works & Achievements

We Insist! Max Roach's Freedom Now Suite (1960)

Politically engaged jazz suite recorded with Max Roach that became a musical symbol of the civil rights struggle.

Straight Ahead (1961)

Album marking her move to a personal, assertive repertoire, surrounded by great jazzmen such as Coleman Hawkins and Eric Dolphy.

Nothing But a Man (film) (1964)

Independent drama about the lives of African Americans in the South; her performance was widely praised.

For Love of Ivy (film) (1968)

Romantic comedy in which she shares top billing with Sidney Poitier, a rare leading role for a Black actress at the time.

The World Is Falling Down (1990)

Comeback album on Verve that revived her career and fully revealed her talent as a songwriter.

You Gotta Pay the Band (1991)

Acclaimed album featuring one of saxophonist Stan Getz's final appearances.

Throw It Away (song) (circa 1983)

Abbey Lincoln's signature composition, a hymn to generosity and letting go that has often been covered since.

Anecdotes

Born Anna Marie Wooldridge in 1930, the singer used several stage names — including “Gaby Lee” — before adopting that of Abbey Lincoln. The name combines Westminster Abbey and President Abraham Lincoln, who proclaimed the abolition of slavery in the United States.

Early in her career, she was presented as a glamorous star: in the film “The Girl Can't Help It” (1956), she wore the figure-hugging dress that Marilyn Monroe had worn in “Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.” Influenced by the civil rights movement and by drummer Max Roach, she later abandoned this image to sing politically engaged songs.

On the album “We Insist! Freedom Now Suite” (1960), in the track “Triptych,” Abbey Lincoln lets out heart-rending screams, without a single word. This deeply moving performance expressed the anger and suffering of African Americans and startled audiences accustomed to a more polished kind of jazz.

During travels in Africa in the 1970s, notably in Guinea and Zaire, she was given two African names, Aminata and Moseka. She adopted them with pride to affirm her attachment to her African roots.

After years away from the spotlight, she returned to success by signing with Verve in 1990. Having become a grande dame of jazz, she then performed mostly her own compositions, praised by critics around the world.

Primary Sources

We Insist! Max Roach's Freedom Now Suite (recording) (1960)
In the movement “Triptych: Prayer / Protest / Peace,” Abbey Lincoln moves alone, without an orchestra, from a whispered prayer to cries of revolt and then to calm — a musical cry for the freedom of African Americans.
Throw It Away (song composed by Abbey Lincoln) (circa 1983, re-recorded in 1995 on “A Turtle's Dream”)
Keep your hand wide open, let the sun shine through; 'cause you can never lose a thing if it belongs to you.
Straight Ahead (album by Abbey Lincoln) (1961)
An album on which she sings personal, deeply committed lyrics, backed by Coleman Hawkins, Eric Dolphy, Booker Little and Max Roach — a manifesto of her bold new style.

Key Places

Chicago, Illinois

Abbey Lincoln's birthplace, where she was born in 1930 into a large African-American family.

Calvin Center, Michigan

Rural area of Michigan where she grew up and began singing, notably at church and school.

Hollywood, Los Angeles

The setting of her glamorous beginnings: cabarets, her first records, and an appearance in the film “The Girl Can't Help It.”

New York

The center of her artistic life: recordings, jazz clubs, and political activism. She died here in 2010.

Conakry, Guinea

A stop on her African travels in the 1970s, where she drew part of her identity and her African names.

See also