Frères Grimm(1785 — 1863)
Les Frères Grimm
royaume de Prusse, Confédération germanique
6 min read
Les Frères Grimm sont deux écrivains allemands du XIXe siècle, célèbres pour avoir collecté et publié des contes populaires traditionnels. Leurs recueils, notamment « Kinder- und Hausmärchen » (Contes de l'enfance et du foyer), incluent des histoires devenues incontournables comme Blanche-Neige et Hansel et Gretel.
Frequently asked questions
Key Facts
- 1812 : Publication du premier volume de « Kinder- und Hausmärchen » (Contes de l'enfance et du foyer)
- 1815 : Publication du deuxième volume enrichi de nouveaux contes
- Collecte et transcription de plus de 200 contes populaires allemands
- Leurs contes deviennent progressivement la base de la littérature jeunesse européenne
- Influence majeure sur l'étude scientifique du folklore et des traditions orales
Works & Achievements
Collection of more than 200 folk tales collected and published in seven successive editions. A founding work of European folklore, translated into more than 160 languages.
Compilation of Germanic legends in two volumes, a complement to the fairy tales, drawing from oral traditions and medieval chronicles.
Major work by Jacob Grimm that lays the foundations of Germanic philology and formulates Grimm's Law on consonant shifts.
A monumental historical dictionary of the German language, begun by the two brothers and completed only in 1961 by other scholars.
Jacob Grimm's study of the beliefs, deities, and superstitions of ancient Germanic peoples, a reference work in comparative mythology.
Jacob Grimm's work tracing the evolution of the German language from its origins, linking linguistics with the history of the Germanic peoples.
Anecdotes
The Brothers Grimm are not the authors of the tales attributed to them: they collected them by interviewing storytellers, most notably Dorothea Viehmann, a Hessian peasant woman who passed down dozens of stories to them. They would visit her with a notebook and meticulously record each tale.
Jacob and Wilhelm were so close that they shared the same desk and sometimes the same bed for years. Even after Wilhelm's marriage in 1825, Jacob continued to live under the same roof as the couple, and the three got along perfectly.
In 1837, the two brothers were among the 'Göttingen Seven', a group of seven professors who publicly protested against the King of Hanover, who had abolished the liberal constitution. They were dismissed from the university, and Jacob was even banished from the kingdom within three days.
The first edition of Children's and Household Tales (1812) was not intended for children at all: it contained violent passages and sexual references. It was Wilhelm who, through successive editions, softened the stories to make them accessible to a young audience.
The Brothers Grimm undertook a titanic project: the Deutsches Wörterbuch, a historical dictionary of the German language. Begun in 1838, it was not completed until 1961 — more than a century after their deaths — by successive generations of linguists.
Primary Sources
We have sought to capture these tales in their utmost purity. No detail has been added, embellished, or altered, for we would have feared to inflate stories already so rich by their own nature.
Language is the faithful mirror of a people; by studying its ancient forms, we rediscover the thought and soul of our ancestors.
We cannot, in good conscience, recognize the abolition of the fundamental law as legally valid. We still consider ourselves bound by the oath we swore to that constitution.
Wilhelm and I work side by side every day. What one begins, the other continues. We are so united in our research that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish what belongs to each of us.
Key Places
Birthplace of the two brothers, in Hesse. It is here that Jacob and Wilhelm spent their early childhood before moving to Steinau.
City where the brothers lived and worked for nearly thirty years as librarians. It is here that they collected the majority of their tales.
The brothers served as professors there from 1830 to 1837, before being dismissed for their political protest against the King of Hanover.
The last city of residence of the Brothers Grimm, invited by the King of Prussia Frederick William IV. They worked there on the Deutsches Wörterbuch until their deaths.
Small town in Hesse where the Grimms grew up. The family home is today a museum dedicated to their memory.
Liens externes & ressources
Références
Œuvres
Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Contes de l'enfance et du foyer)
1812-1857
Deutsche Sagen (Légendes allemandes)
1816-1818
Deutsche Grammatik (Grammaire allemande)
1819-1837
Deutsches Wörterbuch (Dictionnaire allemand)
1838-1861
Deutsche Mythologie (Mythologie allemande)
1835
Geschichte der deutschen Sprache (Histoire de la langue allemande)
1848
