Livia
Livia
58 av. J.-C. — 29
Rome antique
Wife of Emperor Augustus, Livia was one of the most powerful women in ancient Rome. For more than fifty years, she wielded considerable influence over imperial politics. Mother of Emperor Tiberius, she was granted the title of "Augusta" after her death.
Key Facts
- Born in 58 BC, Livia married Augustus in 38 BC after he had her divorced from her first husband, Tiberius Claudius Nero
- She remained Augustus's wife for 51 years until his death in AD 14
- In his will, Augustus adopted her and granted her the title of Augusta, making her the first woman in Roman history to bear that title
- Her son Tiberius succeeded Augustus as the second Roman emperor in AD 14, ensuring the dynastic continuity of the Julio-Claudians
- She died in AD 29 and was deified under Emperor Claudius in AD 42
Works & Achievements
A public monument erected on the Esquiline Hill in Rome, dedicated by Augustus in honor of Livia. This portico surrounded a sanctuary dedicated to Concordia and symbolized the marital harmony of the imperial couple.
Livia had this temple restored and rededicated to Bona Dea, a Roman female deity. This act of piety reinforced her role as a guardian of traditional religious values.
A series of wall paintings adorning the underground triclinium of her villa, depicting a trompe-l'œil garden of remarkable botanical richness. Preserved in the National Roman Museum, they rank among the masterpieces of ancient painting.
Livia funded assistance programs for children from modest families in Rome, anticipating the alimenta later institutionalized by Trajan. These actions contributed to her public image as a benevolent mother of the fatherland.
In his will, Augustus adopted Livia into the Julian family and bequeathed her a third of his fortune, conferring upon her the title of Augusta. This exceptional legal act granted her a formal authority unprecedented for a Roman woman.
Anecdotes
Livia was renowned for her sobriety and restraint, traditional Roman virtues she displayed conspicuously. It is said she spun wool herself and wore clothing woven by the women of her household, deliberately emulating the matrons of the old Republic.
Augustus and Livia married in 38 BC while she was pregnant with her second son by her first husband. This hasty marriage, considered scandalous by some, nevertheless lasted fifty-two years until Augustus's death in AD 14.
Livia owned a magnificent villa on the Palatine Hill, adorned with frescoes depicting a lush garden — the famous 'Villa di Livia' at Prima Porta. These paintings, now preserved in the National Roman Museum, depict birds, fruit trees, and flowers with striking realism.
After Augustus's death, Livia was deified by her grandson Emperor Claudius in AD 42, who granted her the title 'Diva Augusta.' Her cult was celebrated throughout the Empire, which was entirely exceptional for a Roman woman.
Tacitus and other ancient sources credit her with great influence over Augustus in political decisions, particularly in securing pardons or condemnations. Some ancient authors hostile to the Julio-Claudian dynasty even accused her of eliminating potential rivals to place her son Tiberius on the throne.
Primary Sources
Augustus mentions Livia in the context of his testamentary arrangements, bequeathing her a third of his fortune and granting her the title of Augusta.
"Livia, a woman of resolute spirit and masculine judgment, had a mother's indulgence toward Augustus, a wife's compliance; but she was ill-suited to Tiberius's scheming."
"Augustus never wrote anything of importance without first dictating and noting it down, for fear of saying too much or too little from memory. He consulted Livia on affairs of state."
"Livia wielded more power than any woman before her. She attended Augustus's deliberations and received ambassadors in audience."
Key Places
The hill where the imperial family resided. Livia lived here with Augustus in a modest palace, receiving ambassadors and political dignitaries from across the Empire.
Livia's country residence, renowned for its extraordinarily well-preserved garden frescoes. It was here that the famous Augustus of Prima Porta statue was discovered.
A monumental public space built by Augustus where Livia took part in major religious and civic ceremonies. She was honored there alongside her husband as an embodiment of Roman virtues.
After Augustus's death, Livia oversaw the construction and dedication of the temple consecrated to her deified husband, taking on the role of priestess of his cult.
A large public portico built by Augustus in honor of Livia in 7 BC. This monument on the Esquiline Hill reflected her significance in Augustan dynastic propaganda.
Gallery
Portrait of the Artist's Daughters, Marie and Susanne and the Artist's Son, Karl / Marie, Susanne, and Karl, Three of the Artist's Childrenlabel QS:Len,"Portrait of the Artist's Daughters, Marie and
Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Karl Friedrich Schinkel
The Contest of Apollo and Pan label QS:Lde,"Der Wettstreit von Apollo und Pan"label QS:Len,"The contest of Apollo and Pan"
Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Hans Rottenhammer / Jan Brueghel the Elder
Portrait of Charlotte Berend-Corinthlabel QS:Len,"Portrait of Charlotte Berend-Corinth"label QS:Lde,"Porträt Charlotte Corinth"label QS:Lru,"Портрет Шарлотта Беренд-Коринт"
Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Lovis Corinth

Ruin of a forest chapel in the snowlabel QS:Len,"Ruin of a forest chapel in the snow"label QS:Lde,"Ruine einer Waldkapelle im Schnee"
Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Circle of Carl Gustav Carus
Explication des ouvrages de peinture et dessins, sculpture, architecture et gravure, des artistes vivans
Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Société des artistes français. Salon Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (France) Salon (Exhibition : Paris
Explication des ouvrages de peinture et dessins, sculpture, architecture et gravure, des artistes vivans
Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Société des artistes français. Salon Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (France) Salon (Exhibition : Paris
