Born on October 19

Ottoman sultan from 1512 to 1520, Selim I tripled the size of the Empire by conquering Egypt, Syria, and the Hejaz. Nicknamed “the Grim,” he crushed the Safavids at Chaldiran and made the Ottoman sultan the guardian of Islam’s Holy Sites.

American mountaineer and educator (1850–1935), pioneer of women's mountaineering. In 1908 she climbed Huascarán in Peru, a summit of nearly 6,800 meters, setting an altitude record for the Western Hemisphere. A women's rights activist, she planted a suffragist flag at the top of a Peruvian mountain.

Auguste Lumière (1862–1954) was a French inventor and industrialist who, together with his brother Louis, developed the Cinématographe in 1895, giving birth to cinema. He also contributed to colour photography with the invention of the Autochrome.

Socialist deputy for the Seine and close associate of Jean Jaurès, Marcel Sembat served as Minister of Public Works in the Sacred Union government (1914–1916). A committed pacifist, he left a political legacy shaped by his defense of socialism and his polemical 1913 essay.

French chemist (1909–1975), collaborator of Marie Curie at the Radium Institute. In 1939 she discovered francium, the last natural element to be discovered, and in 1962 became the first woman elected to the French Academy of Sciences.

An American radio and television host, Charlie Chase established himself as a key figure in the entertainment media landscape in the United States. He is best known for his role as a host in the world of country music on television.

Tracy Chevalier is an American novelist born in 1962 and based in London. She is known worldwide for her historical novel *Girl with a Pearl Earring* (1999), inspired by Vermeer's painting and adapted for film in 2003.