Born on September 2

Liliuokalani was the last queen of the Kingdom of Hawaii, overthrown in 1893 by a coup supported by American settlers. A composer and stateswoman, she fought peacefully for Hawaiian sovereignty and remains a symbol of resistance to American imperialism.

Wilhelm Ostwald was a Baltic German chemist, one of the founding fathers of physical chemistry. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction rates.

Frederick Soddy (1877-1956) was a British radiochemist and a pioneer in the study of radioactivity. He formulated the concept of the isotope and studied radioactive decay with Ernest Rutherford. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921.

Joseph Roth (1894-1939) was an Austrian writer and journalist, a major figure in German-language literature between the wars. Author of "The Radetzky March", he celebrated the nostalgia for the vanished Austro-Hungarian Empire and denounced the rise of Nazism before dying in exile in Paris.

An American teacher selected for NASA's Teacher in Space program, she was set to become the first civilian in space. She perished in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986.