Born on October 31

Japanese painter, draftsman, and printmaker of the Edo period (1760–1849), master of ukiyo-e woodblock printing, celebrated for his series *Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji*. His work had a major influence on European Impressionist and Post-Impressionist artists.

Paul Durand-Ruel (1831-1922) was the principal art dealer of the French Impressionists. He provided financial support to Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, and their contemporaries at a time when their art was being rejected, playing a decisive role in their international recognition.

Chinese military leader and statesman, head of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) after the death of Sun Yat-sen. Defeated by Mao Zedong's communists in 1949, he withdrew to the island of Taiwan, where he led the Republic of China until his death.

Ethel Waters (1896-1977) was an African American singer and actress. A pioneer of jazz and vocal blues, she broke racial barriers on Broadway, in film, and on American television, becoming one of the most famous Black artists of the first half of the 20th century.

Joan Robinson (1903-1983) was a British economist of the Cambridge school and a leading figure of the post-Keynesian movement. She is known for her theory of imperfect competition and her contributions to the analysis of capital accumulation.

Ali Farka Touré was a Malian guitarist and singer, a major figure in African music. Nicknamed the "African John Lee Hooker," he revealed to the world the African roots of the blues by fusing Malian traditions with American blues.