Alexander Scriabin(1872 — 1915)

Alexander Scriabin

Empire russe

6 min read

MusicCompositeur/trice20th CenturyRussia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, between late Romanticism, Symbolism, and the first ruptures of musical modernity, on the eve of the Russian Revolution.

Alexander Scriabin (1872-1915) was a Russian pianist and composer. A figure of late post-Romanticism and Symbolism, he evolved toward a daring harmonic language and a synesthetic mysticism, associating sounds with colors.

Discover5 recipes

Frequently asked questions

Alexander Scriabin (1872-1915) was a Russian pianist and composer whose work moves through post-Romanticism and Symbolism to arrive at a revolutionary harmonic language. What makes him singular is that he was not content merely to write music: he wanted to transform the world through sound. He invented a mystic chord built on fourths, associated each note with a colour (synaesthesia), and imagined a colour keyboard to project hues during his concerts. Unlike his contemporary Rachmaninoff, who remained within a traditional Romanticism, Scriabin pushed tonality to its limits, flirting with atonality in his late sonatas.

Key Facts

  • Born in 1872 in Moscow, trained at the Moscow Conservatory as a pianist and composer
  • Composed *The Poem of Ecstasy* (1908), an orchestral work emblematic of his mysticism
  • Created *Prometheus: The Poem of Fire* (1910) with a part for a 'colour organ' associating sounds with colors
  • Developed the “mystic chord,” the harmonic sonority characteristic of his late language
  • Died prematurely in 1915 in Moscow, leaving unfinished his total mystical project, the *Mysterium*

Works & Achievements

Piano Concerto in F-sharp minor (1896)

An early, still-Romantic work bearing the influence of Chopin, which reveals his talent as a pianist-composer.

Preludes and Études for piano (1888-1914)

Collections of brief pieces spanning his entire life, mirroring the evolution of his language from Romanticism toward harmonic daring.

Symphony No. 3 “The Divine Poem” (1904)

A vast orchestral fresco in three movements depicting his spiritual journey toward ecstasy and self-affirmation.

The Poem of Ecstasy (1908)

A symphonic poem that stands as a manifesto of his maturity, in which the music seeks to express the creative impulse leading to supreme rapture.

Prometheus, the Poem of Fire (1910)

A work for orchestra, piano, choir and a “clavier à lumières” (keyboard of light), built on the mystic chord: a pinnacle of his synesthetic thought.

Piano Sonatas (Nos. 1 to 10) (1892-1913)

A cycle of ten sonatas that forms the heart of his output, ranging from the early post-Romantic pages to the last, with their almost atonal harmonies.

Vers la flamme (1914)

A poem for piano evoking a gradual ascent toward an incandescent light, among his final masterpieces.

Anecdotes

At the Moscow Conservatory, the young Scriabin had Sergei Rachmaninoff as a classmate: the two prodigy pianists were both friends and rivals, and together they won the graduation medals in 1892.

Scriabin had small hands that struggled to reach an octave. By relentlessly practicing extremely demanding works by Liszt and Balakirev to compete with his fellow students, he seriously injured his right hand. Convinced he would never recover, he then composed pieces for the left hand alone.

The composer was convinced that he perceived sounds as colors: for him, C was red, D was yellow, and F was dark red. This association between music and light led him to imagine a “color keyboard” projecting colors throughout the hall during performances of his symphonic poem Prometheus.

Under the influence of Madame Blavatsky's theosophy, Scriabin dreamed of a total work called “Mysterium,” blending music, dance, perfumes, and lights, which was to be performed over seven days at the foot of the Himalayas and bring about the end of the world and the birth of a new humanity. He died before he could compose it.

His death was as sudden as it was absurd: a boil that appeared on his lip became infected and caused septicemia. The composer, who believed himself destined to transform the universe, died at the age of 43 from the effects of that little pimple, in the very same Moscow apartment where he had been born.

Primary Sources

Alexander Scriabin's philosophical notebooks (1904-1905)
I am the goal of all goals, the end of all ends. I am God. I am nothingness, I am play, I am freedom, I am life.
Poem serving as program for The Poem of Ecstasy (1906)
The Spirit, playing, the Spirit, desiring, the Spirit creating all things through play, surrenders to the bliss of love.
Letter from Scriabin to his publisher Mitrofan Belyayev (around 1895)
Music is a path toward revelation. What formidable power belongs to the one who knows what he wants to say and who says it.
Account by Boris de Schloezer, brother-in-law and biographer (1923)
For Scriabin, composing was not writing music but performing a theurgic act, transforming the world through sound.

Key Places

Moscow

Scriabin's native city, where he studied at the Conservatory and where he died. His Moscow apartment is now a museum.

Moscow Conservatory

Prestigious institution where Scriabin studied piano and composition, then taught from 1898 to 1903.

Geneva and Vésenaz (Switzerland)

Region where Scriabin settled from 1904 onward, on the shores of Lake Geneva, to compose far from Russia.

Brussels

City in Belgium where the composer stayed around 1908-1910 and where he partly completed The Poem of Ecstasy.

Hall of the Nobility, Moscow

Large Moscow concert hall where several of his orchestral works premiered, including Prometheus in 1911.

Scriabin Museum-Apartment, Moscow

The composer's last home, turned into a museum after his death, preserving his piano and personal belongings.

See also