Born on July 2

Queen of England through her marriage to Edward III in 1328, Philippa of Hainaut was a respected sovereign, known for her clemency and benevolent influence. She played an important role in the English court and was a patron of the arts and letters.

A French aristocrat of the 17th century, notorious for poisoning her father and brothers in order to inherit their fortune. Her trial and execution in 1676 triggered the Affair of the Poisons, exposing the widespread use of poison in high society.

Austro-Bohemian composer (1714–1787), Gluck revolutionized opera in the 18th century by prioritizing dramatic expression over vocal virtuosity. His reform profoundly influenced European lyric music.

A French fashion merchant, Rose Bertin was the dressmaker and style advisor to Queen Marie-Antoinette. Nicknamed the “minister of fashion,” she introduced extravagant hairstyles and outfits that made her a pioneering figure of haute couture.

Polish poet (1923–2012), winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1996. Her work, marked by irony and philosophical depth, explores the human condition, memory, and everyday life.

An American Latina trans activist, Sylvia Rivera took part in the Stonewall riots of 1969. She co-founded STAR (Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries) to help homeless trans youth and LGBTQ+ people.