Boccaccio

Giovanni Boccaccio

1313 — 1375

République florentine

LiteraturePoliticsMiddle AgesLate Middle Ages, 14th century — a period marked by the Black Death, the rise of Italian city-states, and the early stirrings of humanism

A 14th-century Italian writer, Boccaccio is the author of the Decameron, a collection of one hundred tales told by a group of people sheltering from the Black Death in 1348. A diplomat in the service of Florence, he was also a pioneering humanist and close friend of Petrarch.

Key Facts

  • 1313: born in Certaldo or Florence
  • 1348: witnessed the Black Death in Florence, an experience that inspired the setting of the Decameron
  • 1349–1353: wrote the Decameron, a masterpiece of Italian prose
  • Ambassador of the Florentine Republic to the Pope and other courts
  • 1375: died in Certaldo

Works & Achievements

The Decameron (1349-1353)

A collection of one hundred tales told by ten young people who have fled to the countryside to escape the plague. A masterpiece of Italian prose, it would go on to influence Shakespeare, Chaucer, and the entire European narrative tradition.

Filostrato (c. 1335)

A narrative poem in octave stanzas telling the story of Troilus and Criseyde. It directly inspired Chaucer and, through him, Shakespeare.

Filocolo (c. 1336-1338)

The first major prose novel in Italian literature, inspired by a French chanson de geste. A testament to Boccaccio's early literary ambitions.

De mulieribus claris (On Famous Women) (1361-1362)

The first Western collection devoted entirely to biographies of famous women, from Antiquity to Boccaccio's own time. A pioneering work that anticipated Renaissance debates on the role of women.

De Genealogia Deorum Gentilium (1360-1374)

A vast encyclopedia of Greco-Roman mythology in fifteen books. A standard reference for humanist scholars for more than two centuries.

Vita di Dante (Trattatello in laude di Dante) (c. 1351-1355)

The first biography of Dante Alighieri. Through this work, Boccaccio helped secure official recognition for the Florentine poet and spread knowledge of his writings.

De Casibus Virorum Illustrium (1355-1374)

A collection of moral biographies of great figures from Antiquity through Boccaccio's era. Translated into French by Laurent de Premierfait, it had a profound influence on medieval European literature.

Anecdotes

Boccaccio is said to have first met Fiammetta — the woman who inspired his literary muse — at the church of San Lorenzo in Naples on Holy Saturday, 1336. This woman, most likely a Neapolitan noblewoman, would haunt his work for years, though historians still debate her true identity.

During the great Black Death of 1348 in Florence, Boccaccio lost his father and stepmother. As a direct witness to the epidemic, he described terrifying scenes in the preface to the Decameron: corpses piled in the streets, families abandoning their own sick, an entire society on the brink of moral collapse.

Petrarch, whom he met in 1350, became his dearest friend and intellectual model. Boccaccio admired the poet so deeply that he gave him a manuscript of Livy as a gift, and undertook a long journey on foot to visit him in Padua despite his fragile health.

Late in life, a fanatical monk predicted his eternal damnation on account of his supposedly indecent writings. Boccaccio, seized by fear, wanted to burn the Decameron. Petrarch talked him out of it by letter, reminding him of the literary and moral value of his work — and posterity proved him right.

Boccaccio was one of the first humanists in the West to learn ancient Greek. He brought the scholar Leontius Pilatus from Constantinople to teach Greek in Florence, even offered him lodging in his own home, and oversaw the first Latin translation of the Iliad and the Odyssey made directly from the Greek text.

Primary Sources

The Decameron — Preface (Introduction to the First Day) (1349-1353)
In the year of our Lord 1348, in the noble city of Florence, the fairest of all Italian cities, there appeared a deadly pestilence... so many men and women died in that city that it is a terrible thing even to hear it told.
Epistola a Francesco Petrarca (Letter to Petrarch) (c. 1362)
You are my master, you are my light, and if I have ever written anything worthy of being read, it is to you that I owe it, to your lessons and your example.
De mulieribus claris (On Famous Women) — Dedication (1361-1362)
I thought it would be worthwhile to gather into a single volume the lives of these celebrated women, so that their memory might not fade and that the women of our time might have examples to follow.
Corbaccio (c. 1365)
Love is a sickness of the soul, a willing madness that turns man away from all virtue and all use of reason.
De Genealogia Deorum Gentilium — Book XIV (1360-1374)
Poetry is not idle falsehood: it is a science veiled in fictions, and beneath those fictions lie the deepest truths that philosophers have sought to express.

Key Places

Florence, Italy

Boccaccio's birthplace and the heart of his intellectual life. It was here that he lived through the plague of 1348 and delivered his famous lectures on Dante in 1373.

Naples, Italy

Boccaccio lived here from around 1327 to 1340, at the court of King Robert of Anjou. It was here that he met Fiammetta, discovered poetry, and began his earliest works.

Certaldo, Tuscany

The ancestral home of the Boccaccio family. Boccaccio retired here in his later years and died in 1375; his house-museum is now a site of literary remembrance.

Avignon, France

The seat of the papacy in the 14th century, Avignon was the political and cultural center of Europe. Boccaccio traveled there on diplomatic missions on behalf of Florence.

Padua, Italy

The city where Petrarch resided, whom Boccaccio visited on several occasions. These meetings strengthened their friendship and enriched the humanist exchanges of the era.

Gallery

Giovanni Boccaccio, from the cycle Famous People

Giovanni Boccaccio, from the cycle Famous People

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Andrea del Castagno

De mulieribus claris - Marcia

De mulieribus claris - Marcia

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Master of the Coronation of the Virgin

Julia Soaemias BnF Français 599 fol. 85

Julia Soaemias BnF Français 599 fol. 85

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Robinet Testard


Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) title QS:P1476,en:"Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) "label QS:Len,"Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) "

Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) title QS:P1476,en:"Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) "label QS:Len,"Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) "

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — anonymous

Giovanni Boccaccio, from the cycle Famous People

Giovanni Boccaccio, from the cycle Famous People

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Andrea del Castagno

Boccaccio by Morghen

Boccaccio by Morghen

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Raffaello Sanzio Morghen / After Vincenzo Gozzini


De la statue et de la peinturelabel QS:Len,"De la statue et de la peinture"label QS:Lfr,"De la statue et de la peinture"

De la statue et de la peinturelabel QS:Len,"De la statue et de la peinture"label QS:Lfr,"De la statue et de la peinture"

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Leon Battista Alberti


Guide dans les musees de peinture et de sculpture du Louvre et du Luxembourg

Guide dans les musees de peinture et de sculpture du Louvre et du Luxembourg

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Pelloquet, Theodore


Explication des ouvrages de peinture et dessins, sculpture, architecture et gravure, des artistes vivans

Explication des ouvrages de peinture et dessins, sculpture, architecture et gravure, des artistes vivans

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Société des artistes français. Salon Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (France) Salon (Exhibition : Paris


Explication des ouvrages de peinture et dessins, sculpture, architecture et gravure, des artistes vivans

Explication des ouvrages de peinture et dessins, sculpture, architecture et gravure, des artistes vivans

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Société des artistes français. Salon Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (France) Salon (Exhibition : Paris

See also