Character Catalog

Historical Library

CollectionGalaxy
Portrait de Jeanne Barret

Jeanne Barret

Jeanne Barret

1740 — 1807

France

ExplorationSciencesExplorateur/triceScientifiqueEarly ModernFirst woman to circumnavigate the globe (disguised as a man, 1767)

explorer and botanist (1740-1807)

Émotions disponibles (6)

N

Neutre

par défaut

I

Inspirée

P

Pensive

S

Surprise

T

Triste

F

Fière

Key Facts

    Works & Achievements

    World circumnavigation — first female circumnavigation (1766-1775)

    By boarding Bougainville's expedition disguised as a man, Jeanne Barret became the first woman to circumnavigate the globe. This feat, accomplished under extreme conditions of concealment, remains her most iconic achievement.

    Botanical collection of the Bougainville expedition (1766-1769)

    Jeanne Barret contributed to the collection and preparation of more than 6,000 previously unknown plant specimens from four continents. This collection, held at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris, represents a major milestone in 18th-century botany.

    Identification and collection of the bougainvillea (1767)

    During the stopover in Brazil, Jeanne Barret was one of the first Europeans to collect the bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis). Some historians even credit her with the initial discovery, before it was officially attributed to Commerson.

    Botanical herbaria of ĂŽle de France (Mauritius) (1769-1773)

    After the expedition's departure, Jeanne Barret continued to work with Commerson on plants from the Indian Ocean, enriching the herbaria with previously unknown local species that were transmitted to French scientific institutions.

    Anecdotes

    To board the Boudeuse and the Étoile in 1766, Jeanne Barret disguised herself as a man under the name 'Jean Barret', presenting herself as the valet of botanist Philibert Commerson. She bound her chest, cut her hair, and deceived the entire crew for months, as well as Bougainville himself, who noticed nothing unusual.

    It was in Tahiti, in April 1768, that her secret was revealed. The Polynesian inhabitants, accustomed to varied body types, immediately identified her as a woman. Bougainville, surprised but full of admiration, noted in his journal that she had endured all the hardships of the crossing with as much vigour as any sailor.

    Jeanne Barret was an accomplished botanist: she actively contributed to the collection of more than 6,000 plant specimens with Commerson, including the famous bougainvillea, a climbing vine with vivid flowers brought back from Brazil and named in Bougainville's honour. It is nonetheless Jeanne who, according to some historians, may have been the first to collect the plant.

    After the death of Philibert Commerson on the Île de France (present-day Mauritius) in 1773, Jeanne Barret found herself alone on the other side of the world. She ran a tavern in Port Louis, saved enough money to make her way home, and returned to France around 1775 — thereby completing the circumnavigation she had begun disguised as a man.

    In 1785, King Louis XVI granted her a pension of 200 livres per year in recognition of her circumnavigation, an exceptional gesture for the time. The official decree described her as a deserving explorer, making her the first woman officially recognised by the French state for an achievement in navigation and scientific exploration.

    Primary Sources

    Voyage Around the World — Louis-Antoine de Bougainville (1771)
    Barret [...] had endured, without being recognized, all the hardships of this campaign. She had assisted Commerson in his botanical research with great zeal and intelligence.
    Extract from the royal pension register granted to Jeanne Barret (1785)
    His Majesty, wishing to reward the services rendered by citizeness Barret, who circumnavigated the globe disguised as a man, grants her an annual pension of two hundred livres.
    Journal of Philibert Commerson — Letter to his brother (1769)
    My servant Barret, whose faithfulness and zeal for the natural sciences never wavered, was of invaluable assistance to me in the collection and classification of plants.
    Marriage register of Jeanne Barret and Jean Dubernat — Saint-Aulaye (Dordogne) (1774)
    Jeanne Barret, a native of La Comelle in Burgundy, aged about thirty-five years, married Jean Dubernat in the church of Saint-Aulaye.

    Key Places

    La Comelle (Burgundy, France)

    Jeanne Barret's birthplace, where she grew up in a peasant family. This place anchors her humble origins, far removed from the world of navigation and scholarly botany.

    Port of Brest (France)

    Major French military port from which Bougainville's expedition set sail in November 1766. It is here that Jeanne Barret secretly boarded the Étoile.

    Tahiti (French Polynesia)

    Island where her female identity was revealed by the local inhabitants in April 1768. Bougainville describes the scene in his journal, making Jeanne famous despite herself.

    ĂŽle de France / Mauritius

    Island where Jeanne Barret and Commerson were disembarked after the revelation. She lived there for several years, continuing botanical research and running a tavern after Commerson's death.

    Saint-Aulaye (Dordogne, France)

    Town where Jeanne Barret married Jean Dubernat and spent her final years. She died there in 1807, without ever receiving the recognition she deserved.

    Typical Objects

    Vasculum (herbarium box)

    Cylindrical metal box used by field botanists to preserve fresh specimens. Jeanne Barret carried one during each stopover to bring plants and flowers back to Commerson.

    Male disguise

    Men's shirt, breeches, jacket and hat, accompanied by bandages to flatten the chest. This costume allowed Jeanne to illegally board a French royal vessel for more than a year.

    Herbarium press

    Tool consisting of two wooden boards and absorbent sheets used to dry and flatten collected plants. Jeanne used it daily to prepare the 6,000 specimens brought back from the expedition.

    Naturalist's magnifying glass

    Small brass and glass hand lens used to observe details of plants and insects. An essential instrument in the daily work of a botanical assistant in the 18th century.

    Marine navigation chart

    Chart engraved on vellum depicting known coastlines and maritime routes. Aboard the Étoile, these charts were constantly consulted to locate stopovers and collection areas.

    Botanical field notebook

    Small thick-papered notebook in which Jeanne Barret recorded plant descriptions, their habitat and local uses. These notes fed into Commerson's scientific work.

    School Curriculum

    Vocabulary & Tags

    Key Vocabulary

    Tags

    Daily Life

    Morning

    Aboard the Étoile, Jeanne Barret rose before dawn to prepare the botanical collection equipment before port calls. She checked the herbarium presses, filled the vasculums, and transcribed the previous day's notes onto the dried specimens. Her male attire — a coarse shirt, jacket, and hat — had to be adjusted and the binding tightened each morning to maintain her disguise.

    Afternoon

    Shore-stop afternoons were devoted to botanical exploration: Jeanne roamed forests and coastlines with Commerson, identifying, collecting, and labelling plant specimens unknown to Europeans. On board, she helped press the plants, sorted the samples, and wrote up morphological descriptions under the botanist's dictation.

    Evening

    In the evenings aboard ship, Jeanne quietly joined the lower-ranking crew members for meals so as not to arouse suspicion. She used the lamplight to finish labelling the herbarium sheets and copy field notes into Commerson's notebooks, often working late into the night in the naturalist's cramped cabin.

    Food

    On board, the diet consisted mainly of ship's biscuits, salt meat, dried pulses, and rationed water, supplemented during port calls by tropical fruits, fresh fish, and local vegetables. During stays on ĂŽle de France, Jeanne enjoyed more varied fare: rice, exotic fruits, vegetables from the colonial garden, local meats, and tea.

    Clothing

    Throughout the voyage, Jeanne Barret wore men's clothing at all times: a heavy linen shirt, cloth breeches, a short jacket, and a broad-brimmed hat. She concealed her feminine figure using strips of fabric bound tightly around her chest. This disguise required constant vigilance to maintain convincing gestures and a convincing voice in front of the sailors.

    Housing

    Aboard the Étoile, Jeanne occupied the cramped quarters assigned to Commerson and his valet — barely larger than a cupboard, cluttered with crates of specimens and botanical instruments. On Île de France, she lived in the house Commerson occupied near the Pamplemousses botanical garden, and later in modest lodgings above the tavern she ran on her own after his death.

    Historical Timeline

    1740Naissance de Jeanne Barret Ă  La Comelle, en Bourgogne, dans une famille paysanne modeste.
    1760Rencontre avec le botaniste Philibert Commerson ; elle devient son assistante et compagne de vie.
    1764Bougainville prend le commandement de l'expédition française autour du monde, préparée pour rivaliser avec les Anglais.
    1766Départ de l'expédition de Bougainville depuis Brest, à bord de la Boudeuse et de l'Étoile ; Jeanne Barret embarque déguisée.
    1767L'expédition traverse le détroit de Magellan ; Jeanne Barret collecte des plantes en Patagonie et au Brésil.
    1768Escale à Tahiti : les habitants reconnaissent Jeanne Barret comme une femme, révélant son identité à l'équipage.
    1768Bougainville consigne l'affaire dans son journal avec bienveillance ; Jeanne et Commerson sont débarqués à l'île de France (Maurice).
    1769Retour de Bougainville en France ; Jeanne reste Ă  Maurice avec Commerson et continue les recherches botaniques.
    1771Publication du 'Voyage autour du monde' de Bougainville, qui mentionne Jeanne Barret comme première femme à avoir accompli ce périple.
    1773Mort de Philibert Commerson à l'île de France ; Jeanne Barret se retrouve seule avec les collections botaniques.
    1774Mariage de Jeanne Barret avec Jean Dubernat en Dordogne, après son retour en France.
    1775Jeanne Barret rentre définitivement en France, bouclant ainsi le tour du monde commencé en 1766.
    1785Louis XVI lui accorde une pension royale de 200 livres par an en reconnaissance de son exploit.
    1807Mort de Jeanne Barret à Saint-Aulaye (Dordogne), à l'âge de 67 ans, dans l'oubli relatif.

    Period Vocabulary

    Naturalist — A scholar who studies nature — plants, animals, minerals. In the 18th century, the ship's naturalist was an official member of major maritime expeditions, tasked with bringing back scientific collections.
    Cross-dressing — The act of disguising oneself as a person of the opposite sex. For an 18th-century woman, dressing as a man was a serious transgression, subject to severe legal and social penalties.
    Herbarium — A collection of dried, pressed plants mounted on paper and accompanied by their descriptions. Herbaria were the primary tool for botanical documentation before photography.
    Vasculum — A metal box carried over the shoulder by field botanists to keep freshly collected plants fresh until they could be pressed. A Latin term literally meaning 'small vessel'.
    Circumnavigation — A sea voyage that circles the entire globe without retracing its route. In the 18th century, this feat required several years and was reserved for major national expeditions.
    Cabin boy / Enlisted servant — A young man of modest standing serving as an assistant aboard a ship. It was under this guise that Jeanne Barret embarked, passing herself off as the personal manservant of the botanist Commerson.
    Port of call — An intermediate stop made by a ship at a port or island to resupply, make repairs, and explore. Ports of call were the prime opportunities for botanical collecting during major expeditions.
    Specimen — A representative example of a natural species (plant, animal, mineral) collected, preserved, and labelled for scientific purposes. The 6,000 specimens gathered during the Bougainville expedition enriched the collections of the Paris Museum of Natural History.
    Royal pension — An annual allowance paid from the royal treasury to a person in recognition of services rendered to the State or to science. The pension granted to Jeanne Barret in 1785 was an exceptional distinction for a commoner woman.
    Île de France — The colonial name for Mauritius under French rule (1715–1810). This Indian Ocean territory served as a forward base for French scientific expeditions heading toward Asia and the Pacific.

    Gallery

    Jeanne Barret

    Jeanne Barret

    Jeanne Barret Madlla Bare

    Jeanne Barret Madlla Bare

    Venelle Jeanne Barret

    Venelle Jeanne Barret

    Plaque Allée Jeanne Barret - Limeil-Brévannes (FR94) - 2025-04-13 - 1

    Plaque Allée Jeanne Barret - Limeil-Brévannes (FR94) - 2025-04-13 - 1

    Plaque Allée Jeanne Barret - Limeil-Brévannes (FR94) - 2025-04-13 - 2

    Plaque Allée Jeanne Barret - Limeil-Brévannes (FR94) - 2025-04-13 - 2

    Temple de Janus Ă  Autun

    Temple de Janus Ă  Autun

    Visual Style

    Esthétique maritime et naturaliste du XVIIIe siècle, entre cabine de navire éclairée à la chandelle et escales tropicales luxuriantes, avec une direction artistique inspirée des illustrations botaniques de l'époque.

    #3B5B7A
    #8B6914
    #C8DDB2
    #D4522A
    #F2E8D0
    AI Prompt
    18th-century French maritime and naturalist aesthetic. Oil painting style inspired by Chardin and Boucher. A determined young woman in men's clothing — linen shirt, rough woolen coat, tricorn hat — surrounded by pressed botanical specimens, navigation charts, and leather-bound journals. Warm golden candlelight in a ship cabin contrasts with vivid tropical colors in outdoor scenes: lush green vegetation, turquoise sea, terracotta soil. Botanical illustration style for plant details, with precise ink linework and watercolor washes. Earth tones and oceanic blues dominate, with accents of tropical flower colors: magenta, saffron, and jade.

    Sound Ambience

    Ambiance des grandes traversées marines du XVIIIe siècle, entre pont de navire venteux et cabine de naturaliste, ponctuée par les sons des îles tropicales découvertes lors des escales.

    AI Prompt
    Sounds of an 18th-century sailing ship at sea: creaking wooden hull, ropes and rigging in the wind, waves against the bow, seagulls calling overhead, distant sailors shouting commands, flapping sails, footsteps on wooden deck. In the naturalist's cabin below deck: rustling of paper, scratching of a quill, the sound of pressing dry plants between sheets. On tropical island shores: exotic birdsong, rustling of large leaves in a warm breeze, distant native voices, the lapping of shallow water on a coral beach.

    Portrait Source

    Wikimedia Commons