Born on September 26

Wife of Emperor Augustus, Livia was one of the most powerful women in ancient Rome. For more than fifty years, she wielded considerable influence over imperial politics. Mother of Emperor Tiberius, she was granted the title of "Augusta" after her death.

French painter (1791–1824), a major figure of Romanticism. His masterpiece, *The Raft of the Medusa* (1819), marks a break from academic painting through its expressive violence and political engagement.

German philosopher, a major figure of phenomenology and existentialism. His masterwork, *Being and Time* (1927), reframes the question of being (ontology). His thought profoundly shaped twentieth-century philosophy, despite the lasting controversy over his commitment to Nazism.

262nd pope of the Catholic Church from 1963 to 1978, Paul VI completed the Second Vatican Council and worked to modernize the Church and to foster dialogue with the contemporary world.

American composer and pianist (1898–1937), George Gershwin revolutionized music by blending jazz, blues, and classical music. The creator of Rhapsody in Blue and the opera Porgy and Bess, he is one of the defining symbols of twentieth-century American culture.

Indian economist and statesman, Manmohan Singh served as Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014. Architect of the economic reforms of the 1990s, he profoundly modernized the Indian economy.

A radical American feminist (1946–2005), Andrea Dworkin is known for her theoretical work on pornography, violence against women, and patriarchy. A prolific activist and essayist, she profoundly shaped the feminist movement of the 1970s–1990s.