Biography

Israeli general and statesman, a major military figure in the Arab-Israeli wars. Prime Minister of Israel from 2001 to 2006, he ordered the unilateral withdrawal from the Gaza Strip in 2005 before being struck by a stroke that left him in a coma.

Ariel Sharon(1928 — 2014)

Ariel Sharon

Israël, Palestine mandataire

6 min read

MilitaryPoliticsChef militaire20th CenturyIsrael in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, marked by the Arab-Israeli conflicts and the Palestinian question

Frequently asked questions

The key thing to remember is that Ariel Sharon (1928-2014) embodies both the soldier and the statesman in Israel's turbulent history. A daring general, he distinguished himself during the Arab-Israeli wars, notably by crossing the Suez Canal in 1973. After becoming Prime Minister in 2001, he made a radical decision: the unilateral withdrawal from Gaza in 2005, which divided his own camp. What makes him unique is this paradox: long regarded as the champion of the settlements, he ultimately ordered their evacuation.

Key Facts

  • Born in 1928 in Mandatory Palestine, died in 2014 after eight years in a coma
  • An officer in the Israel Defense Forces, he distinguished himself during the Six-Day War (1967) and the Yom Kippur War (1973), in which he crossed the Suez Canal
  • Minister of Defense during the Lebanon War in 1982, held indirectly responsible for the Sabra and Shatila massacres
  • Prime Minister of Israel from 2001 to 2006, leading the Likud and then founding the Kadima party in 2005
  • Carried out the unilateral Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip in 2005

Works & Achievements

Creation and command of Unit 101 (1953)

An elite unit tasked with reprisal operations, which shaped the offensive doctrine of the Israeli army.

Crossing of the Suez Canal (1973)

A daring maneuver during the Yom Kippur War that turned the tide of the conflict and made Sharon a national hero.

Settlement policy (1977-1990)

As a minister, Sharon encouraged the construction of Jewish settlements in the occupied territories.

Warrior (autobiography) (1989)

An account of his life as a soldier and statesman, an important testimony on the military history of Israel.

Gaza Disengagement Plan (2005)

The unilateral withdrawal of settlers and the army from the Gaza Strip, the most significant and most controversial decision of his term.

Founding of the Kadima party (2005)

A new centrist party created by Sharon after his break with Likud, which reshaped Israeli political life.

Anecdotes

Nicknamed “the Bulldozer” for his determination and his go-getter attitude, Ariel Sharon was also called “the Lion of God,” because his first name Ariel means “lion of God” in Hebrew. These nicknames summed up his image as a man of action whom nothing seemed able to stop.

During the Yom Kippur War in 1973, Sharon led his tanks across the Suez Canal to encircle the Egyptian Third Army. He fought with his head bandaged, wounded in the forehead, which strengthened his legend as a heroic and impetuous general among Israeli soldiers.

Before entering politics, Sharon was a farmer and adored his farm in the Negev, named “Sycamore Ranch.” This attachment to the land contrasted with his warrior image: he loved tending to his livestock and often spoke about his farm.

In 2005, it was Sharon himself, long a champion of the settlements, who ordered the withdrawal of all Israeli settlers from the Gaza Strip. This decision surprised the entire world and deeply divided his own political camp, pushing him to leave the Likud to found a new party, Kadima.

In January 2006, a severe stroke plunged Sharon into a deep coma. He remained in this state for eight years, kept alive in the hospital, until his death in 2014 — a paradoxical end for a man who had spent his whole life in motion.

Primary Sources

Sharon's speech announcing the Gaza disengagement plan (2003-2004)
The disengagement plan is intended to provide maximum security and to minimize friction between Israelis and Palestinians.
Warrior: The Autobiography of Ariel Sharon (autobiography) (1989)
In it, Sharon recounts his life as a soldier and statesman, from his childhood on a farm to the great Arab-Israeli battles.
Report of the Kahan Commission on the Sabra and Shatila massacres (1983)
The commission concluded that Defense Minister Ariel Sharon bore indirect responsibility for failing to anticipate the risk of massacres.

Key Places

Kfar Malal

Agricultural village in Mandatory Palestine where Ariel Sharon was born in 1928 into a family of Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe.

Suez Canal

Site of Sharon's military feat in 1973: he led his forces across it to encircle an Egyptian army during the Yom Kippur War.

Gaza Strip

Territory from which Sharon ordered the unilateral withdrawal of settlers and the Israeli army in 2005, a major decision of his term.

Jerusalem

Capital where Sharon held power as Prime Minister; his visit to the Temple Mount in 2000 preceded the Second Intifada.

Sycamore Ranch (Negev)

Sharon's farm in the Negev desert, where he liked to retreat and tend to his livestock.

Tel Aviv

Major Israeli city where Sharon was hospitalized after his stroke and where he died in 2014.

Give them back their memoryCharactorium is also a game on Pi Network: revive the forgotten figures of History, one at a time.Play in Pi

See also