Medea

Medea

MythologyBefore ChristCharacter from ancient Greek mythology, portrayed most notably by Euripides in the 5th century BCE.

A tragic figure of Greek mythology, Medea is a sorceress from Colchis, daughter of King Aeëtes and granddaughter of Helios. Driven by love for Jason, she helps him seize the Golden Fleece, but when he betrays her, she exacts a terrible revenge by killing her own children.

Famous Quotes

« "I know what evil I am about to do, but my passion is stronger than my reason." (attributed to Medea in Euripides' tragedy, 5th century BCE) »

Key Facts

  • Medea helps Jason put the dragon guarding the Golden Fleece to sleep using her magical powers
  • She kills her own brother Absyrtus to slow down her father Aeëtes' pursuit
  • Abandoned by Jason, who marries the princess Creusa in Corinth, she takes revenge by killing his new bride and her own children
  • Euripides' tragedy Medea was first performed in 431 BCE in Athens
  • After her revenge, she flees on a chariot drawn by winged dragons, a symbol of her divine and magical origins

Works & Achievements

Conquest of the Golden Fleece (Mythical Age)

Medea helps Jason overcome the trials set by her father (plowing with fire-breathing bulls, sowing dragon's teeth) and lulls the guardian dragon to sleep. Without her, the Argonauts' quest would have failed.

Rejuvenation of Aeson (Mythical Age)

At Iolcus, Medea successfully rejuvenates Aeson, Jason's elderly father, by boiling him in a cauldron with magical herbs. This marvel demonstrates the full extent of her powers as a sorceress.

Death of Pelias by Deception (Mythical Age)

Medea persuades Pelias's daughters to attempt to rejuvenate their father by cutting him up and boiling him — but without adding the life-giving herbs. It is her revenge for the wrongs the usurper inflicted upon Jason.

Poisoning of Creusa and Creon (Mythical Age)

Through a robe and a diadem soaked in magical poison, Medea causes the deaths of her rival and her rival's father, destroying Jason's new marriage before fleeing Corinth.

Murder of Her Children (Mythical Age)

The most devastating act of the myth, Medea kills the children she had with Jason to inflict the worst possible punishment upon him. This tragic act goes beyond ordinary revenge and makes her a complex figure of human suffering.

Anecdotes

Medea was a formidable sorceress and granddaughter of the sun god Helios. When Jason arrived in Colchis to claim the Golden Fleece, she prepared a magic ointment that made him invulnerable to fire and to the blows of the bronze-hoofed bulls he had to face. Without her, Jason could never have accomplished his feats.

To allow Jason to escape with the Golden Fleece, Medea committed a terrible act: she killed her own brother Absyrtus and scattered his body parts across the sea to slow her father Aeëtes' pursuit. This act shows just how far she was willing to go out of love for Jason.

Upon arriving in Iolcos, Medea convinced the daughters of King Pelias to rejuvenate their father through a trick: she boiled an old ram in a cauldron with magic herbs, and it emerged as a young lamb. The daughters, deceived, cut up their father and cooked him — but Medea added no rejuvenating herbs. It was her revenge for the wrongs done to Jason.

Betrayed by Jason, who abandoned her to marry Princess Creusa, Medea sent her rival a poisoned robe and diadem. The moment Creusa put them on, she was consumed by a magical fire that also killed her father Creon. This poisoned wedding gift is one of the darkest acts in all of Greek mythology.

Medea's ultimate revenge was to kill her own children by Jason, in order to inflict the deepest possible pain upon him. After this act, she fled on a winged chariot drawn by dragons, sent by her grandfather Helios, escaping all human justice. This ending made Medea a tragic figure who has haunted Western literature for centuries.

Primary Sources

Medea — Euripides (431 BC)
"I know what evil I am about to do, but my passion is stronger than my reason, passion that causes the worst of evils among mortals."
Argonautica — Apollonius of Rhodes (3rd century BC)
"Medea, whom Eros had struck with a burning arrow, could not close her eyes all night, so fiercely did her heart burn for Jason, son of Aeson."
Medea — Seneca (1st century AD)
"Medea superest. Here you will see what a woman can do, what love can do, and what the anguish of a betrayed wife can do."
Heroides (Letter XII: Medea to Jason) — Ovid (c. 10 BC)
"By these gods whom I betrayed for you, by the children we share, by my sacrifices and your crimes against me, I beg you: come back."
Theogony (oral tradition, songs of the bards) (8th century BC (earlier oral tradition))
A tale transmitted orally about the lineage of Medea, daughter of Aeëtes king of Colchis and granddaughter of Helios the sun god, a sorceress who inherited the secrets of the goddess Hecate.

Key Places

Colchis (present-day Georgia)

A kingdom on the shores of the Black Sea, ruled by Medea's father Aeëtes. This is where the Golden Fleece is kept, and where Medea grew up, learning the art of magic from the goddess Hecate.

Corinth

The Greek city where Medea settles with Jason after their exile from Iolcos. It is here that the central tragedy unfolds: Jason's betrayal and Medea's terrible revenge.

Iolcos (Thessaly)

The city in Greece where Jason was born and to which he returns bearing the Golden Fleece. It is here that Medea carries out her revenge against Pelias by manipulating his daughters.

Athens

Medea's refuge after fleeing Corinth: King Aegeus had promised her sanctuary in exchange for remedies to cure his childlessness. She stays there for a time before ultimately being driven out.

Island of Aia (Legendary Colchis)

A mythical place associated with Colchis and the palace of Aeëtes in the Argonautica. It is the symbolic starting point of Medea's story, the birthplace of her magical power.

Gallery


French:  La Métamorphose d'AesonMedea Rejuvenating Esontitle QS:P1476,fr:"La Métamorphose d'Aeson"label QS:Lfr,"La Métamorphose d'Aeson"label QS:Len,"Medea Rejuvenating Eson"

French: La Métamorphose d'AesonMedea Rejuvenating Esontitle QS:P1476,fr:"La Métamorphose d'Aeson"label QS:Lfr,"La Métamorphose d'Aeson"label QS:Len,"Medea Rejuvenating Eson"

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Domenicus van Wijnen


Medea

Medea

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — Artemisia Gentileschi


French:  Portrait de Mademoiselle Raucourt title QS:P1476,fr:"Portrait de Mademoiselle Raucourt "label QS:Lfr,"Portrait de Mademoiselle Raucourt "

French: Portrait de Mademoiselle Raucourt title QS:P1476,fr:"Portrait de Mademoiselle Raucourt "label QS:Lfr,"Portrait de Mademoiselle Raucourt "

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Jean-Baptiste Jacques Augustin

Napoli - Museo archeologico nazionale 3963

Napoli - Museo archeologico nazionale 3963

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — Phyrexian

Médée Klagmann Henri MBA Nancy

Médée Klagmann Henri MBA Nancy

Wikimedia Commons, CC0 — C. Philippot


Catalogue historique du cabinet de peinture et sculpture françoise

Catalogue historique du cabinet de peinture et sculpture françoise

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — La Live de Jully, Ange-Laurent de, 1725-1779 Le Prieur, Pierre-Alexandre, b. 1722 Cochin, Charles Nicolas, 1715-179


Grammaire des arts du dessin : architecture, sculpture, peinture ...

Grammaire des arts du dessin : architecture, sculpture, peinture ...

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Blanc, Charles, 1813-1882


Grammaire des arts du dessin : architecture, sculpture, peinture ...

Grammaire des arts du dessin : architecture, sculpture, peinture ...

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Blanc, Charles, 1813-1882


Grammaire des arts du dessin : architecture, sculpture, peinture

Grammaire des arts du dessin : architecture, sculpture, peinture

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Blanc, Charles, 1813-1882


L'art : la sculpture contemporaine et l'oeuvre d'Alfred Pina

L'art : la sculpture contemporaine et l'oeuvre d'Alfred Pina

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Achelle, D

See also