Sonny Rollins(1930 — ?)
Sonny Rollins
États-Unis
6 min read
Sonny Rollins is an American jazz tenor saxophonist and composer, born in 1930 in New York. A major figure of hard bop, he is one of the greatest improvisers in the history of jazz, famous for his album Saxophone Colossus (1956) and for his mastery of the trio solo.
Frequently asked questions
Key Facts
- Born on September 7, 1930, in New York (Harlem), at the heart of the African American community.
- 1956: records the album Saxophone Colossus, which features his famous calypso “St. Thomas.”
- 1959-1961: puts his career on hold and practices alone on the Williamsburg Bridge to perfect his craft.
- 1962: returns to recording with the album The Bridge, inspired by this period.
- 2012: gives his final concert before retiring from the stage for health reasons.
Works & Achievements
Cult album that cemented his reputation, featuring St. Thomas and the much-studied solo on Blue 7.
The title track is the only recording on which Rollins and John Coltrane play together.
Recorded as a piano-less trio, with a famous cover showing him posing as a cowboy in the desert.
Live trio concert that reveals his freedom as an improviser working without a net.
A politically engaged work, one of the first in jazz to openly address the civil rights of African Americans.
Comeback album after his retreat to the Williamsburg Bridge, a symbol of his artistic rebirth.
Concert given in Boston four days after the September 11 attacks, honored with a Grammy Award.
Anecdotes
At the height of his fame, between 1959 and 1961, Sonny Rollins did something unheard of: he stopped playing in public. Living in a small apartment where a neighbor had just had a baby, he was looking for a place to practice without disturbing anyone and found the walkway of the Williamsburg Bridge in New York. For two years, he played there alone for hours on end, facing the East River. Out of this retreat came the album The Bridge (1962).
His most famous tune, St. Thomas, isn't really his own: the melody comes from a nursery rhyme his mother, who was from the Virgin Islands, sang to him as a child. Rollins turned that sunny Caribbean air into a calypso jazz standard played all over the world.
He was nicknamed “Newk” because he resembled Don Newcombe, a famous baseball pitcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Legend has it that a taxi driver once mistook him for the athlete and gave him a free ride, thrilled to be carrying a star.
In the early 1950s, Rollins fell into heroin addiction, like many bebop musicians of his era, and even did time at Rikers Island prison. In 1955, he decided to turn his life around: he voluntarily checked into a rehabilitation center in Lexington, Kentucky, then went to work as a janitor in Chicago to stay away from drugs before returning, sober, to music.
In 1981, the rock band The Rolling Stones invited him to record the saxophone solo on their song Waiting on a Friend. The result, both supple and powerful, shows just how well this jazz giant could also make his mark on popular music.
Primary Sources
I found a place where I could play as loud and as long as I wanted, without bothering anyone: the bridge. I hadn't stopped making music — quite the opposite, I had never worked so hard.
I'm always trying to play the perfect solo. I've never reached it, and that's exactly what keeps me going.
Music is an open sky: you never reach the end of it, you only ever draw nearer.
Key Places
African-American neighborhood of Manhattan where Rollins was born and raised, at the heart of an exceptional musical flourishing.
The bridge's walkway where he would come to practice alone, for hours on end, during his retreat from 1959 to 1961.
Legendary New York jazz club where in 1957 he recorded a landmark concert with a piano-less trio.
Drug rehabilitation facility where Rollins voluntarily checked in in 1955 to break free from heroin.
Area where he stayed in the late 1960s during a spiritual retreat devoted to yoga and Eastern philosophy.
House in the Hudson Valley where he settled and spent his final decades, far from the bustle of New York City.