Yayoi Kusama

Yayoi Kusama

1929 — ?

Japon

Visual ArtsLiterature20th Century20th century — contemporary art, American and Japanese avant-gardes of the 1960s–1970s

Yayoi Kusama is a Japanese visual artist born in 1929 in Matsumoto. A pioneer of psychedelic art and pop art, she is known for her obsessive polka-dot patterns and immersive mirror installations. Since 1977, she has voluntarily lived in a psychiatric hospital in Tokyo while continuing to create.

Famous Quotes

« Art is a way to survive. »
« My life is a dot lost among thousands of other dots. »

Key Facts

  • Born on March 22, 1929, in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
  • Moved to New York in 1958 and became part of the avant-garde scene (Andy Warhol, Donald Judd)
  • Organized happenings and protest performances against the Vietnam War in the 1960s
  • Returned to Japan in 1973 and voluntarily moved into a psychiatric facility in 1977
  • Became one of the highest-selling living artists in the world in the 21st century, largely through her Infinity Mirror Rooms

Works & Achievements

Infinity Nets (From 1958)

A series of monumental canvases entirely covered by hand with an obsessive network of small arcs forming net-like patterns. These foundational works establish the principle of infinite repetition that defines her entire artistic output.

Accumulation No. 1 (1962)

An armchair covered with hundreds of phallic forms made from white cotton-stuffed fabric. This provocative accumulation sculpture is one of the first to give physical form to the repetitive compulsion at the heart of her practice.

Infinity Mirror Room — Phalli's Field (1965)

The first 'Infinity Mirror Room': an entire space lined with mirrors, its floor covered with red polka-dotted phalluses. Visitors find themselves surrounded by their own reflection multiplied endlessly — an experience that is both unsettling and mesmerizing.

Narcissus Garden (1966)

An installation at the Venice Biennale consisting of 1,500 stainless steel spheres arranged across a garden. Kusama illegally sold them for $2 each, protesting the commodification of art — she was eventually removed by the organizers.

Infinity Mirror Room — Fireflies on the Water (2002)

An immersive room enclosed by mirrors on all four walls and on the floor (a shallow pool of water), dotted with hundreds of small suspended lights. The experience creates a sensation of floating in an infinite universe of light.

I Who Have Arrived in Heaven (2013)

A series of large, colorful paintings featuring plant-like and organic forms rendered in multicolored dots against a black background. Exhibited at Gagosian Gallery, it marked the pinnacle of her triumphant return to the international art scene.

With All My Love for the Tulips, I Pray Forever (2011)

Giant tulip sculptures in black and white polka dots installed outside the Matsumoto City Museum of Art. This monumental work in her hometown symbolizes Kusama's reconciliation with a Japan that had long overlooked her.

Anecdotes

From childhood, Yayoi Kusama suffered from hallucinations: she saw flowers speaking to her and patterns multiplying endlessly around her. To try to control these terrifying visions, she began obsessively reproducing them on paper — and that is how her famous polka dot motifs were born.

In 1958, Kusama wrote a letter to Georgia O'Keeffe, an American artist she admired, asking for advice on how to break through in New York. O'Keeffe wrote back and encouraged her. Kusama crossed the ocean with a few paintings sewn into her clothing, carrying almost no money.

In the 1960s, Kusama organized provocative 'happenings' in New York, including on the steps of the U.S. Capitol, where she painted polka dots on nude protesters as a statement against the Vietnam War. These actions brought her both fame and run-ins with the police.

In 1977, when she could have pursued a comfortable international career, Kusama voluntarily chose to enter a psychiatric hospital in Tokyo. She still lives there today, crossing the street every morning to reach her studio and create without pause. She has said that art is her only therapy.

In 2014, one of her 'Infinity Nets' canvases sold at auction for over 7 million dollars, making her the world's most expensive living artist. Yet she continues to paint by hand, covering vast canvases with her endlessly repeated dots — like a never-ending visual meditation.

Primary Sources

Infinity Net: The Autobiography of Yayoi Kusama (2002)
I, Kusama, am the modern Alice in Wonderland. The polka dot has the form of the sun, which is a symbol of the energy of the whole world and our living life, and also the form of the moon, which is calm. Round, soft, colorful, senseless and unknowing. Polka dots become movement.
Letter from Yayoi Kusama to Georgia O'Keeffe (1958)
I am a young Japanese artist who has just come to the United States. I am a poor artist and I work very hard painting... Would you be so kind as to give me some advice on how to promote my work in this new country?
Statement published in the New York Free Press — Happenings (1968)
Our earth is like one polka dot among a million stars in the cosmos. Polka dots are a way to infinity. When we obliterate nature and our bodies with polka dots, we become part of the unity of our environment.
Interview in the catalogue of the exhibition 'Kusama' at the Whitney Museum (1998)
Art-making is my reason for existence and my way of expressing my feelings. I paint myself into existence. Without art, I might not be here at all.

Key Places

Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan

Kusama's hometown, surrounded by mountains, where she grew up in a conservative family. It was here that her first hallucinations appeared and her artistic vocation was born, despite her mother's opposition.

New York, United States

Kusama lived here from 1958 to 1973 and reached the peak of her creative output, rubbing shoulders with Andy Warhol, Donald Judd, and Claes Oldenburg. It was in New York that she invented her happenings, accumulation sculptures, and first Infinity Rooms.

Kusama's Studio, Shinjuku, Tokyo

Located across from the psychiatric hospital where she resides, this studio is the heart of her current production. She goes there every day to paint, surrounded by her team, producing series of large-format works.

Venice Biennale, Italy

Kusama participated several times, most notably in 1966 when she illegally sold 1,500 gold balls in the gardens, and in 1993 when she officially represented Japan, earning international recognition.

Yayoi Kusama Museum, Tokyo

Opened in 2017 in the Shinjuku district, this museum is entirely dedicated to her work. It hosts permanent and temporary exhibitions of her paintings, sculptures, and immersive installations.

Gallery

Inhotim yayoi kusama 01

Inhotim yayoi kusama 01

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 — mishmoshimoshi from são paulo, brasil

Kusama Yayoi The Spirits of the Pumpkins Descended into the Heavens

Kusama Yayoi The Spirits of the Pumpkins Descended into the Heavens

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — Ncysea

Nmacc-2023-0331-kusama

Nmacc-2023-0331-kusama

Wikimedia Commons, CC0 — Fuzheado

'A tale of Beauty', A research Competition on Surfaces

'A tale of Beauty', A research Competition on Surfaces

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — FANTINI1900

Yayoi Kusama, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, SFMOMA 29

Yayoi Kusama, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, SFMOMA 29

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — GualdimG

Yayoi Kusama wax model at Louis Vitton

Yayoi Kusama wax model at Louis Vitton

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 — Garry Knight

草間コカコーラ (27600755313)

草間コカコーラ (27600755313)

Wikimedia Commons, CC0 — franck injapan

20130918Yayoi Kusama3

20130918Yayoi Kusama3

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0 — 内閣官房内閣広報室

Yayoi Kusama exhibition in Tel Aviv Museum of Art

Yayoi Kusama exhibition in Tel Aviv Museum of Art

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 — Igor.Zeiger.Photographer

Little Bird at the Sculpture Garden - Flickr - Mike J Maguire

Little Bird at the Sculpture Garden - Flickr - Mike J Maguire

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 — Mike Maguire

See also