Born on September 4

The first tsar of Russia, Ivan IV unified and centralized Russian power in the 16th century. His reign was marked by significant territorial conquests and the brutal repression of the aristocracy through the oprichnina.

A Swiss banker based in Paris, Jean-Frédéric Perregaux was one of the co-founders of the Banque de France in 1800 and its first regent. A senator of the First Empire, he played a central role in stabilizing the finances of Napoleonic France.

Italian general, engineer, and statesman of the 19th century. He is best known for writing in 1842 a memoir on Charles Babbage's analytical engine, which Ada Lovelace translated and extensively annotated.

An Austrian composer and organist of the Romantic period, Anton Bruckner is famous for his nine monumental symphonies and his sacred works. A deeply devout Catholic, he left his mark on symphonic music through its grandeur and his religious fervor.

French composer born in Aix-en-Provence in 1892, member of the Groupe des Six. He developed polytonality and drew inspiration from American jazz and Latin American music to create a prolific body of work of more than 400 opus.

Antonin Artaud (1896-1948) was a French poet, actor, and theatre theorist. The inventor of the “Theatre of Cruelty,” he profoundly reshaped how the stage was conceived in the 20th century, all while leading a life marked by illness and psychiatric confinement.

Dawn Fraser is an Australian swimmer, considered one of the greatest sprinters in the history of swimming. She won the gold medal in the 100-metre freestyle at three consecutive Olympic Games (1956, 1960, 1964), an unmatched feat in this event.

Beyoncé is an American singer, songwriter, and producer born in 1981 in Houston, Texas. A former member of Destiny's Child, she became one of the most influential solo artists of the 21st century, blending R&B, pop, and hip-hop.