Ayn Rand

Ayn Rand

1905 — 1982

États-Unis, république socialiste fédérative soviétique de Russie, Union soviétique, Empire russe, République russe, apatride

PhilosophyLiteratureExplorationPhilosophe20th Century20th century — the era of totalitarianism, the Cold War, and the rise of American liberalism

An American philosopher, novelist, and screenwriter of Russian origin, Ayn Rand is the founder of Objectivism, a philosophy championing reason, individualism, and capitalism. Her bestselling novels, including 'The Fountainhead' and 'Atlas Shrugged,' have had a lasting influence on American libertarian thought.

Famous Quotes

« I swear by my life and my love of it that I will never live for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for mine. »
« The question isn't who is going to let me; it's who is going to stop me. »

Key Facts

  • 1905: born in Saint Petersburg as Alissa Zinovievna Rosenbaum
  • 1926: emigrated to the United States to escape the Soviet regime
  • 1943: publication of 'The Fountainhead,' a worldwide bestseller
  • 1957: publication of 'Atlas Shrugged,' her major philosophical work
  • 1982: died in New York, leaving behind a philosophical movement (Objectivism) that remains influential to this day

Works & Achievements

We the Living (Nous les vivants) (1936)

Her first novel published in the United States, semi-autobiographical, depicting life under the Soviet regime. Her first literary testimony to her visceral opposition to collectivism.

Anthem (Hymne) (1938)

A short dystopian novella set in a totalitarian society where the word 'I' is forbidden. The first condensed formulation of her individualist philosophy, influenced by Zamyatin and Huxley.

The Fountainhead (La Source vive) (1943)

Her landmark novel featuring Howard Roark, a visionary architect who refuses all creative compromise. A bestseller that brought her worldwide fame and laid the foundations of Objectivism.

Atlas Shrugged (La Grève) (1957)

Rand's masterpiece, a 1,200-page epic novel in which the world's creators and producers 'go on strike' against collectivism. One of the best-selling and most influential books of the 20th century in the United States.

For the New Intellectual (1961)

A collection of philosophical essays presenting the synthesis of Objectivism and its program for renewing American intellectual culture.

The Virtue of Selfishness (La Vertu de l'égoïsme) (1964)

A collection of essays developing Objectivist ethics, arguing for 'rational selfishness' as a moral foundation. A central philosophical work of her thought.

Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal (1966)

A philosophical and economic defense of laissez-faire capitalism, with contributions from Alan Greenspan. A manifesto for Rand's radical libertarian vision.

Anecdotes

Born Alissa Zinovievna Rosenbaum in Saint Petersburg in 1905, Ayn Rand witnessed the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 as a child, which ruined her father's pharmacy. This traumatic experience of Soviet collectivism would shape her for life and directly inspire her philosophy of radical individualism.

Having arrived in the United States in 1926 on a tourist visa, she never returned to the USSR. In Hollywood, she landed a job as an extra thanks to Cecil B. DeMille, who noticed her by chance at the studio entrance. This chance encounter opened the doors of American cinema to her.

Her novel 'Atlas Shrugged' (1957), rejected by twelve publishers, was eventually published and became a worldwide bestseller. Rand spent twelve years writing it. According to a 1991 Library of Congress survey, the book was named the most influential in the United States after the Bible.

Ayn Rand hosted an intellectual circle at her New York home, ironically nicknamed 'The Collective,' which brought together her closest disciples, including future Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan. The group studied and debated the foundations of her Objectivist philosophy.

A heavy smoker, Rand wore a dollar sign brooch that she displayed proudly as a symbol of capitalism. Diagnosed with lung cancer in 1974, she nonetheless continued to write and lecture until the end of her life, dying in New York in 1982.

Primary Sources

The Fountainhead — excerpt from Howard Roark's courtroom speech (1943)
I do not recognize anyone's right to one minute of my life. Nor to any part of my energy. Nor to any achievement of mine. No matter who makes the claim, how large their number or how great their need.
Atlas Shrugged — John Galt's speech (1957)
I swear by my life and my love of it that I will never live for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for mine.
For the New Intellectual — introduction (1961)
The choice is not self-sacrifice or domination. The choice is independence or dependence. The code of the creator or the code of the second-hander.
The Virtue of Selfishness — preface (1964)
The title of this book may evoke the kind of question that I hear occasionally: 'Why do you use the word 'selfishness' to denote virtuous qualities of character, when that word antagonizes so many people to whom the idea is repugnant?'
1934 Journal — notes on the creation of The Fountainhead (1934)
The most important thing in my book is the portrayal of a positive ideal. Not to show what must be destroyed, but what we want to build.

Key Places

Saint Petersburg (Petrograd), Russia

Ayn Rand's birthplace, where she lived through the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and completed her university studies. Her firsthand experience of the Soviet regime became the foundation of her entire philosophy.

Hollywood, Los Angeles, California

Rand moved here in 1926 and worked as a screenwriter for film studios. It was here that she began writing her first plays and developed her ideas through her immersion in American cultural life.

New York — Manhattan Apartment

Rand settled permanently in New York in 1951, in an apartment on East 36th Street that became the hub of her intellectual circle known as 'The Collective.' It was here that she wrote Atlas Shrugged and developed Objectivism.

Frank Lloyd Wright — Taliesin West, Arizona

Rand drew inspiration from the celebrated architect Frank Lloyd Wright when creating the character of Howard Roark in The Fountainhead. She visited his buildings and corresponded with him, though their relationship was an ambiguous one.

Washington D.C. — The Capitol

Rand testified before the U.S. Congress in 1947 during the HUAC hearings on Communist infiltration in Hollywood. Throughout her life she remained an influential figure in American conservative and libertarian political circles.

Gallery


Motion Picture Herald

Motion Picture Herald

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Inconnu

Ayn Rand

Ayn Rand

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 — Manuelredondoduenas

Ayn Rand (1943 Talbot portrait)

Ayn Rand (1943 Talbot portrait)

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Photo portrait credited to "Talbot" (though not on original dust jacket). Published by the Bobbs-Merrill Company.

Ayn Rand (1957 Phyllis Cerf portrait)

Ayn Rand (1957 Phyllis Cerf portrait)

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Photo portrait by Phyllis Cerf. Published by Random House.

Ayn Rand signature

Ayn Rand signature

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Ayn Rand

Ayn Rand Green Card

Ayn Rand Green Card

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — United States Department of Labor

Ayn Rand1

Ayn Rand1

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 — Speaker: dbradzit Authors of the article

Russian-American writer and philosopher Ayn Rand 1905-1982. (46301477574)

Russian-American writer and philosopher Ayn Rand 1905-1982. (46301477574)

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 — Julius Jääskeläinen

1974-V002-07-dem-left

1974-V002-07-dem-left

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Democratic Left Michael Harrington, editor Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee

See also