Iris Murdoch(1919 — 1999)

First major philosophical essay in English on Jean-Paul Sartre. Murdoch introduces French existentialism to the British public while formulating her earliest criticisms of the Sartrean conception of the self.

Iris Murdoch's debut novel, immediately ranked among the finest British first novels of the post-war era. The work explores themes of language, identity, and freedom through a drifting protagonist wandering between Paris and London.

A novel about a lay community living near an abbey, exploring the tensions between faith, sexuality, morality, and hypocrisy. Considered one of her masterpieces, it exemplifies her method of placing major philosophical questions within concrete human situations.

Her most celebrated and widely read philosophical work, comprising three essays. Murdoch critiques modern moral subjectivism and proposes an ethics grounded in disinterested attention to reality and the Platonic notion of the Good.

Novel awarded the Booker Prize. Narrated by a retired theatre director haunted by a first love, it explores obsession, illusion, and the inability to see others as they truly are — a central theme throughout Murdoch's entire body of work.

A philosophical essay arising from her inaugural lecture at Oxford, in which Murdoch examines the paradox of Plato's relationship to art. She argues that great literature is an irreplaceable form of moral knowledge.

Her major philosophical synthesis, the fruit of decades of reflection. Murdoch defends a humanist metaphysics against postmodern relativism, asserting the reality of moral goodness and the possibility of a virtuous life.

Sartre's novels and plays are philosophical in a fairly obvious sense — they are written to illustrate a philosophy. But Sartre is also a novelist in a deeper sense: his philosophical writings themselves have a novelistic quality.

The foundation of morality is the same as the foundation of realism, namely the ability to perceive what is truly before one instead of what is a consoling fiction.

I think that philosophy and literature are not two separate paths to truth, but two ways of seeing the same thing — the irreducible complexity of the human being.

Art is the most educational thing we have, not because it teaches us facts or rules, but because it teaches us how to see. A good novel extends our knowledge of what it is to be human.

Plato feared art because art can touch the soul at its most vulnerable point, at the point where it is most deeply itself. He understood art's power better than most of its defenders.

Iris Murdoch's birthplace, born on 15 July 1919. Although she grew up in England, her Irish identity was always a source of questions about belonging that runs through some of her novels.

Murdoch taught philosophy there from 1948 to 1963. This elite academic setting was the heart of her intellectual life, where she shaped generations of students in moral philosophy.

After the war, Murdoch worked for the UNRRA in occupied Austria, witnessing the plight of refugees and the ruins of Europe. This formative experience deepened her sensitivity to questions of evil, suffering, and moral responsibility.

It was in Cambridge that Iris Murdoch had the opportunity to attend Wittgenstein's seminars in 1947, a decisive intellectual encounter for her philosophy of language and consciousness.

An English country village where Iris Murdoch and her husband John Bayley lived for many years in a house surrounded by a garden. This quiet rural setting was where most of her major novels were written.