Michelle Bachelet(1951 — ?)
Michelle Bachelet
Chili
7 min read
Michelle Bachelet, née en 1951 au Chili, est une médecin et femme politique qui fut la première femme présidente du Chili (2006-2010, puis 2014-2018). Militante des droits de l'homme, elle a aussi dirigé ONU Femmes et le Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l'homme de l'ONU.
Frequently asked questions
Famous Quotes
« Je suis arrivée au pouvoir pour servir les gens, pas pour être servie par eux. »
« Le fait d'être une femme n'est pas un handicap, c'est une richesse. »
Key Facts
- Née le 29 septembre 1951 à Santiago du Chili.
- Son père, général opposé au coup d'État de 1973, est arrêté et meurt en prison ; elle-même est arrêtée et torturée par la dictature de Pinochet.
- Exilée en Allemagne de l'Est, elle poursuit ses études de médecine avant de rentrer au Chili après la dictature.
- Première femme présidente du Chili (2006-2010), réélue pour un second mandat (2014-2018).
- Première directrice d'ONU Femmes (2010-2013) et Haut-Commissaire des Nations Unies aux droits de l'homme (2018-2022).
Works & Achievements
Social protection programme targeting Chile's poorest families, combining financial aid, social support and access to public services. Considered a model for poverty reduction in Latin America.
By appointing a cabinet with exactly as many women as men, Bachelet set a historic global milestone in political equality, inspiring many countries.
During her first term, Bachelet institutionalised environmental policy by creating a dedicated ministry, restructuring the country's ecological governance.
Major reform aimed at eliminating tuition fees at Chilean public universities, responding to the demands of the student movement. It transformed access to higher education in Chile.
Official document from the UN High Commissioner's Office concluding that the treatment inflicted on the Uyghurs could constitute crimes against humanity — a historic and controversial report published at the end of her mandate.
As the first director of UN Women, Bachelet structured this new UN institution and gave it decisive international visibility for women's rights.
Anecdotes
Michelle Bachelet personally experienced Pinochet's dictatorship: in 1975, she and her mother were arrested and detained at Villa Grimaldi, a torture center in Santiago. Her father, General Alberto Bachelet, had refused to support the 1973 coup and died in prison as a result of the mistreatment he suffered. This traumatic experience profoundly shaped her commitment to human rights.
Despite the persecution she endured under Pinochet, Bachelet became a surgeon specializing in pediatrics, then in military medicine — a field reserved for men. She thus broke a double taboo: being a woman in the military and being the daughter of an officer condemned by the regime. In 2002, she was appointed Minister of Defense, which was unprecedented for a woman in Latin America.
During her first presidential term (2006-2010), Bachelet established a gender-equal cabinet: for the first time in the world, a government had exactly as many female ministers as male ministers. This powerful symbolic choice was internationally celebrated as a model of political equality.
In 2010, after the end of her first term, Michelle Bachelet was appointed director of UN Women, the new United Nations entity for gender equality. She thus became the first person to lead this organization created to defend women's rights around the world.
During her second term (2014-2018), Bachelet pushed through an ambitious educational reform aimed at making public university education free in Chile, a country that had one of the most expensive tertiary education systems in the world. This measure responded to years of massive student mobilizations.
Primary Sources
"We have the extraordinary opportunity to build together an exemplary democracy, a more just, more united society, with greater equality between men and women."
Michelle Bachelet testified about her detention at Villa Grimaldi in January–February 1975, describing the conditions of internment and the violence suffered by political prisoners under the dictatorship.
"Gender equality is not only a fundamental right, it is the necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world."
Under Bachelet's leadership, the High Commissioner's Office publicly denounced human rights violations in Venezuela, China (Xinjiang), and Ethiopia, engaging the institution's international credibility.
Key Places
The seat of the Chilean presidency, La Moneda is the place where Bachelet served her two presidential terms. It is also the palace bombed during the 1973 coup against Allende — a historically charged location for her.
A detention and torture center run by the DINA (Pinochet's secret police) where Bachelet and her mother were imprisoned in 1975. Today it has been transformed into a peace park and memory museum.
It was from this office that Bachelet led the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality from 2010 to 2013, promoting women's rights on a global scale.
Headquarters of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, where Bachelet served from 2018 to 2022, publishing critical reports on states such as China, Russia, and Venezuela.
Bachelet lived in exile in the GDR, where she studied German and sciences — an experience that shaped her international outlook and her ability to navigate between different cultures and political systems.
Liens externes & ressources
Références
Œuvres
Création du système Chile Solidario
2006-2010
Cabinet paritaire — premier gouvernement à parité hommes-femmes
2006
Création du Ministère de l'Environnement chilien
2010
Réforme éducative — gratuité de l'université
2015-2018
Rapport sur la situation des droits humains au Xinjiang (Chine)
2022
Direction d'ONU Femmes
2010-2013
