William Blake

William Blake

1757 — 1827

Royaume-Uni, royaume de Grande-Bretagne, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande

LiteratureVisual ArtsSpiritualityEarly ModernLate 18th and early 19th century, the age of the American and French Revolutions, and the birth of Romanticism in Europe

British poet, painter, and engraver (1757-1827), William Blake is one of the towering figures of English Romanticism. A visionary and mystic, he created a strikingly original body of poetic and artistic work, combining text and image in hand-engraved illuminated books.

Famous Quotes

« The road of excess leads to the palace of wisdom. »
« To see a World in a Grain of Sand, and a Heaven in a Wild Flower. »
« Imagination is not a State: it is the Human Existence itself. »

Key Facts

  • 1757: William Blake is born in London
  • 1789: Publication of Songs of Innocence, his first collection of illuminated books
  • 1794: Publication of Songs of Experience, which includes the famous poem The Tyger
  • 1804-1820: Writing of his major prophetic works (Milton, Jerusalem)
  • 1827: Blake dies in London, in relative obscurity, his genius recognized only later

Works & Achievements

Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1789-1794)

A poetry collection in two parts, engraved and illuminated by Blake himself, contrasting the purity of childhood with the corruption of the adult world. The poem 'The Tyger' is one of the most celebrated in English poetry, studied in schools around the world.

The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1793)

A major philosophical and satirical work in which Blake overturns conventional moral values by arguing that what is called 'evil' is in reality creative energy. This visionary text anticipates many currents of modern thought.

America: A Prophecy (1793)

A prophetic epic celebrating the American Revolution as a liberation from tyranny, featuring the character Orc as a symbol of youthful rebellion. The first of Blake's major 'Prophetic Books', blending personal mythology with contemporary history.

Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion (1804-1820)

A late masterpiece and monumental mythological epic across 100 engraved plates, tracing the fall and spiritual redemption of Albion, a symbolic figure for England. Considered Blake's most ambitious and complex work.

Illustrations of the Book of Job (1823-1826)

A series of 21 engravings depicting the biblical figure of Job, commissioned by John Linnell, regarded as the pinnacle of Blake's graphic art. These illustrations reveal his absolute mastery of line and his spiritual vision of human suffering.

Illustrations of Dante's Divine Comedy (1824-1827)

An unfinished series of 102 watercolors illustrating Dante's work, begun while Blake was learning Italian at the age of 67. Left incomplete at his death, these pieces bear witness to a creativity and ambition that remained undiminished until the very end of his life.

Anecdotes

At the age of four, William Blake claimed to have seen the face of God pressed against his bedroom window. Far from punishing him, his mother Catherine encouraged his visions, convincing his father not to beat him for what she considered a spiritual gift rather than a lie.

Blake invented a unique printing technique he called 'relief etching' or 'illuminated printing'. He engraved his texts and illustrations in mirror image onto copper plates, applied ink, then hand-colored each page alongside his wife Catherine. Every copy of his books was thus a unique original.

In 1803, Blake was arrested and tried for sedition after ejecting a soldier named John Schofield from his garden. Blake was acquitted, but the incident left a deep mark on him: he saw in the trial a symbolic persecution of the visionary artist by tyrannical power — a central theme throughout his work.

Although virtually unknown to the general public during his lifetime, Blake died singing, according to witnesses at his bedside. He reportedly told his wife Catherine: 'You have ever been an angel to me', before passing away serenely on 12 August 1827, still working on his illustrations of Dante in his final days.

Blake almost never left London, apart from three years spent at Felpham in Sussex (1800–1803). Yet in his work, he created an entire mythological geography complete with imaginary continents, gods, and cosmic battles — proving that imagination could travel without physical limits.

Primary Sources

Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1794)
Tyger Tyger, burning bright, / In the forests of the night; / What immortal hand or eye, / Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1793)
No bird soars too high if he soars with his own wings. / The road of excess leads to the palace of wisdom.
Letter to Thomas Butts (1802)
I am not ashamed, afraid, or averse to tell you what Ought to be Told: That I am under the direction of Messengers from Heaven, Daily & Nightly.
Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion (1820)
I must Create a System or be enslav'd by another Man's. I will not Reason and Compare: my business is to Create.
Annotations to Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses (c. 1808)
To generalize is to be an idiot. To particularize is the alone distinction of merit. General knowledges are those knowledges that idiots possess.

Key Places

28 Broad Street, Soho, London

William Blake's birthplace, in the busy commercial neighbourhood of Soho. It was in this urban London environment that he developed his first mystical visions from childhood.

Westminster Abbey, London

Blake worked here as a young apprentice engraver under James Basire, sketching medieval tombs and sculptures. This immersion in Gothic art profoundly influenced his monumental visual style and his fascination with the spiritual.

Lambeth, London

The neighbourhood where Blake lived from 1790 to 1800, the period of his greatest creativity, during which he produced the majority of his Prophetic Books. It was here that he engraved and printed The Marriage of Heaven and Hell and Songs of Experience.

Felpham, Sussex

A coastal village where Blake spent three years (1800–1803) under the patronage of William Hayley. He began Jerusalem there and experienced the incident with a soldier named Schofield that led to his trial for sedition.

17 South Molton Street, London

The address where Blake lived from 1803 to 1821, in relative poverty but continuing to create. He received a number of admiring visitors there, including the painter John Constable and the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Bunhill Fields, London

The Nonconformist burial ground where William Blake was interred in 1827, not far from his original grave, which has since been reidentified. This symbolic site also holds the remains of John Bunyan and Daniel Defoe, authors whom Blake greatly admired.

Gallery

Milton Portrait William Blake

Milton Portrait William Blake

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — William Blake


Portrait of Mrs Ernest Moontitle QS:P1476,en:"Portrait of Mrs Ernest Moon"label QS:Len,"Portrait of Mrs Ernest Moon"

Portrait of Mrs Ernest Moontitle QS:P1476,en:"Portrait of Mrs Ernest Moon"label QS:Len,"Portrait of Mrs Ernest Moon"

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — William Blake Richmond


The history of modern painting.

The history of modern painting.

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Richard Muther


The Scottish school of painting

The Scottish school of painting

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — McKay, William Darling, 1844-1924

William Blake - Sconfitta - Frontispiece to The Song of Los

William Blake - Sconfitta - Frontispiece to The Song of Los

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — William Blake

Blake Canterbury Pilgrims engraving

Blake Canterbury Pilgrims engraving

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — William Blake

Interior of the Cathedral, Lincoln - geograph.org.uk - 690039

Interior of the Cathedral, Lincoln - geograph.org.uk - 690039

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0 — Dave Hitchborne

William Blake - Songs of Innocence and Experience - The Lamb

William Blake - Songs of Innocence and Experience - The Lamb

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — William Blake


Catalogue of works on the fine arts, painting, sculpture, the picture galleries, early woodcut books (Catalogue no. 256)

Catalogue of works on the fine arts, painting, sculpture, the picture galleries, early woodcut books (Catalogue no. 256)

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Bernard Quaritch

South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, v6

South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, v6

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Various

See also