French writer and playwright (1802–1870), author of adventure novels and popular serialized fiction. Father of Alexandre Dumas fils, he is considered a master of the historical and adventure novel in the 19th century.

French writer and playwright (1810-1857), a major figure of Romanticism. Author of comedies and lyrical dramas, he is best known for his play "No Trifling with Love" and for his turbulent relationship with George Sand.

French poet of the 19th century (1854–1891), Rimbaud is a major figure of modern and visionary poetry. He revolutionized poetry through formal innovation and exploration of the unconscious, before abandoning literature at the age of 20 to live as an adventurer in Africa.

The Brothers Grimm were two German writers of the 19th century, famous for collecting and publishing traditional folk tales. Their collections, most notably "Kinder- und Hausmärchen" (Children's and Household Tales), include stories that have become timeless classics such as Snow White and Hansel and Gretel.

19th-century French poet and founder of modern poetry. Baudelaire is best known for his collection "The Flowers of Evil" (Les Fleurs du Mal, 1857), which revolutionized literature by exploring the beauty of evil, decadence, and existential torment. His work, considered scandalous at the time, profoundly influenced contemporary poetry and subsequent literary movements.

An American writer of the 19th century, Edgar Allan Poe is the undisputed master of the gothic tale and horror literature. His psychological short stories and dark poems deeply influenced world literature and laid the foundations of the modern detective genre.

French painter of the 19th century and leading figure of the Romantic movement. Delacroix revolutionized painting through his bold use of color, movement, and political and Orientalist subjects. His masterpiece "Liberty Leading the People" became an icon of republican freedom.

A French novelist of the 19th century, George Sand (1804-1876) was one of the most prolific and innovative writers of her era. A champion of individual freedom and equal rights, she left a lasting mark on Romantic literature through her social novels and a life that openly defied the conventions of her time.

A French composer of the 19th century (1838–1875), Georges Bizet is best known for his opera Carmen, a masterpiece of lyric music. Despite a relatively short career, he revolutionized French opera by incorporating bold dramatic elements and daring orchestration.

Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) was a major Italian composer of the Romantic era, creator of world-famous operas such as Rigoletto, La Traviata, and Aida. His musical work accompanied the unification of Italy and remains at the heart of the European operatic repertoire.

19th-century French painter and founder of the Realist movement. Courbet revolutionized painting by depicting everyday reality and landscapes in an innovative style, rejecting the academic conventions of his time.

19th-century French novelist (1821–1880), Gustave Flaubert is the author of Madame Bovary, a founding work of literary realism. An obsessive perfectionist, he revolutionized the art of the novel through his refined style and his critique of bourgeois society.

Danish writer (1805-1875) world-renowned for his fairy tales. Creator of timeless stories such as The Little Mermaid and The Ugly Duckling, blending poetry, moral lessons, and fantastical imagination.

German philosopher (1770–1831), Hegel is one of the greatest thinkers of German Idealism. He developed a dialectical method and an influential philosophy of history, most notably set out in the Phenomenology of Spirit.

French novelist (1799–1850) and founder of literary realism. He created The Human Comedy, a vast novelistic panorama of French society in the 19th century, comprising more than 90 interconnected works.

Jane Austen (1775-1817) was a major English novelist of the 19th century, author of romantic and social novels that subtly critique the social conventions of her time. Her work, most notably Pride and Prejudice, explores human relationships and the stakes of marriage with irony and psychological insight.

German composer (1770–1827) who marked the transition between musical classicism and romanticism. Despite his progressive deafness, he created major works that revolutionized Western music, including the famous 9th Symphony.

Personnage légendaire du Moyen Âge, Mélusine est une fée ou créature surnaturelle dotée d'une nature double : femme et serpent aquatique. Selon la légende, elle fonda la dynastie des Lusignan après son mariage avec le chevalier Raymond. Son histoire mêle merveilleux médiéval, malédiction et fondation dynastique.

A major French poet of the 19th century (1844–1896), Paul Verlaine is one of the central figures of Symbolism. Author of Poèmes saturniens and other groundbreaking collections, he revolutionized French poetry through his musicality and exploration of intimate emotional states.

Écrivain français du XIXe siècle, Stendhal est l'auteur du roman psychologique Le Rouge et le Noir (1830). Connu pour son analyse fine des passions humaines et son style direct, il a marqué la littérature française en explorant les thèmes de l'ambition, de la passion et de la critique sociale.

Écrivain et critique français (1811-1872), fondateur de la doctrine de l'art pour l'art qui prône l'indépendance de l'art face aux préoccupations morales et sociales. Auteur de romans, de poésies et de critiques d'art, il a marqué le XIXe siècle par son engagement envers la beauté formelle et l'esthétisme.

Légende médiévale mettant en scène deux amants dont l'amour impossible, provoqué par la consommation accidentelle d'un philtre magique, les conduit à la tragédie. Cette histoire d'amour courtois a inspiré de nombreuses adaptations littéraires et artistiques du Moyen Âge à nos jours.

A major French writer of the 19th century, Victor Hugo (1802–1885) is the author of iconic novels such as Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame. Poet, playwright, and committed politician, he championed the rights of the poor and fought against the death penalty.