Jane Addams

Jane Addams

1860 — 1935

États-Unis

LiteratureSocietyPhilosophy19th CenturyLate 19th and early 20th century, spanning the American Progressive Era, the great waves of immigration, and both World Wars

An American social reformer, Jane Addams founded Hull House in Chicago in 1889, a settlement house serving immigrants and disadvantaged communities. A sociologist and committed pacifist, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Famous Quotes

« The good we secure for ourselves is precarious and uncertain until it is secured for all of us and incorporated into our common life. »
« You do not know what life means when all the difficulties are removed. »

Key Facts

  • 1889: founding of Hull House in Chicago, one of the first social settlement houses in the United States
  • 1910: publication of Twenty Years at Hull-House, an autobiographical account of her social work
  • 1915: co-founder of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
  • 1919: first president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
  • 1931: Nobel Peace Prize laureate, the first American woman to receive the honor

Works & Achievements

Hull House (founding) (1889)

Jane Addams's first and most significant achievement: the creation of this community center in Chicago revolutionized American social welfare and became a model replicated around the world.

Democracy and Social Ethics (1902)

Addams's first major work, in which she lays the philosophical foundations for social work as a democratic act. This book profoundly influenced American progressive thought at the turn of the twentieth century.

Newer Ideals of Peace (1907)

Addams develops an original vision of peace grounded in social justice and international solidarity rather than military balance, anticipating the debates that would surround the League of Nations.

Twenty Years at Hull-House (1910)

A memoir and account of two decades of social work, this bestseller transformed Jane Addams into a national figure and brought the ideals of the settlement movement to a broad American audience.

Co-founding of the NAACP (1909)

Addams was one of the founding signatories of the NAACP, the first national American organization dedicated to defending the civil rights of African Americans, reflecting her early commitment to antiracism.

Women at The Hague (co-author) (1915)

An account of the international women's peace conference held at The Hague during World War I, which Addams chaired. The book documents the international women's pacifist resistance movement.

The Second Twenty Years at Hull-House (1930)

The autobiographical sequel covering the years 1910–1930, in which Addams analyzes the social transformations of American society and the challenges faced by the pacifist movement in the shadow of two world wars.

Anecdotes

In 1889, Jane Addams and her friend Ellen Gates Starr visited Toynbee Hall in London, a pioneering social settlement house in impoverished neighborhoods. Inspired by this model, they purchased an old mansion in Chicago and founded Hull House, which within a few years became the most famous community center in the United States, welcoming up to 2,000 visitors per week.

During World War I, Jane Addams took courageous pacifist stances that earned her fierce criticism, notably from Theodore Roosevelt, who called her 'the most dangerous woman in America.' She was even temporarily expelled from the Daughters of the American Revolution. Her reputation was not fully restored until she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Hull House organized themed 'clubs' for immigrants: reading clubs in Yiddish, Italian, and Polish, art workshops, nurseries, and citizenship classes. Jane Addams herself learned a few words in her residents' languages to welcome them in their own tongue — a gesture considered revolutionary at the time for a woman of her social class.

In 1910, Jane Addams published 'Twenty Years at Hull-House,' which immediately became a bestseller. This autobiographical account transformed Hull House into a national symbol of social reform and catapulted its author onto the American political stage, where she campaigned for women's suffrage alongside Susan B. Anthony.

Jane Addams contributed directly to the creation of several major American institutions: she was one of the founding members of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in 1909, and co-founded the ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) in 1920 — both organizations that continue to exist today.

Primary Sources

Twenty Years at Hull-House (1910)
It is hard to tell just when the very simple plan which afterward developed into the Settlement began to form itself in my mind. It may have been even before I went to Europe for the second time, but I gradually became convinced that it would be a good thing to rent a house in a part of the city where many primitive and actual needs are found.
Newer Ideals of Peace (1907)
We are slowly learning that social advance depends as much upon the process through which it is secured as upon the result itself... The identification with the common lot which is the essential idea of democracy becomes the source and expression of social ethics.
Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech (1931)
The long struggle of women toward full citizenship, while seemingly remote from the peace movement, is in reality a basic factor in the elimination of war... Women, who have always borne the heaviest burden of war, know something of its cost.
Democracy and Social Ethics (1902)
We have learned as common knowledge that much of the insensibility and hardness of the world is due to the lack of imagination which prevents a realization of the experiences of other people... The educational problem is perhaps the most difficult one in our current situation.

Key Places

Hull House, Chicago

Founded in 1889 at 800 South Halsted Street, Hull House was the center of Jane Addams's entire life's work. This complex of buildings offered nurseries, cultural clubs, language classes, and medical clinics in the heart of Chicago's immigrant neighborhood.

Cedarville, Illinois

Jane Addams's small hometown, where her father John Addams served as an influential state senator. It was here that she received a careful upbringing and developed her earliest moral and civic convictions.

Toynbee Hall, London

The world's first settlement house, founded in 1884 in London's East End. Addams's visit there in 1887 was a turning point: she drew directly from this model when creating Hull House two years later.

Nobel Hall, Oslo

It was in Oslo that Jane Addams received the Nobel Peace Prize in December 1931, crowning forty years of social work and international pacifist activism.

Washington, D.C.

Jane Addams made regular trips to Washington to testify before Congress, advocate for social legislation — including child labor laws, workplace safety, and women's suffrage — and meet with successive presidents.

Gallery


Jane Addams

Jane Addams

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 — George de Forest Brush

Jane Addams

Jane Addams

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — George de Forest Brush


Jane Addams title QS:P1476,en:"Jane Addams "label QS:Len,"Jane Addams "

Jane Addams title QS:P1476,en:"Jane Addams "label QS:Len,"Jane Addams "

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — George de Forest Brush

Jane Adams

Jane Adams

Wikimedia Commons, CC0 — George de Forest Brush


Jane Addams

Jane Addams

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 — George de Forest Brush

Jane Addams profile

Jane Addams profile

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Moffett


Sculpture and children in fountains - Jane Addams Houses

Sculpture and children in fountains - Jane Addams Houses

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Sekaer, Peter, 1901-1950, photographer; United States Housing Authority. Bain News Service, publisher


Photograph of sculptor Adelaide Johnson, National Woman's Party activist Dora Lewis, and social reformer Jane Addams posed in front of statue of pioneer suffragists in the U.S. Capitol.

Photograph of sculptor Adelaide Johnson, National Woman's Party activist Dora Lewis, and social reformer Jane Addams posed in front of statue of pioneer suffragists in the U.S. Capitol.

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — National Photo Co., Washington, D.C. (Photographer)

Jane Addams - Bain News Service

Jane Addams - Bain News Service

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Adam Cuerden


ADDAMS, JANE

ADDAMS, JANE

Wikimedia Commons, Public domain — Harris Ewing, publisher

See also