Margarete Steiff(1847 — 1909)

Margarete Steiff

Royaume du Wurtemberg

5 min read

EconomicsTechnology19th CenturyGermany during the Industrial Revolution, under the German Empire (Kaiserreich) of the late 19th century, marked by the rise of manufacturing and the trade in consumer goods.

Margarete Steiff (1847-1909) was a German seamstress and entrepreneur, founder of the Steiff toy company. Stricken with polio and using a wheelchair from childhood, she built a thriving business and popularized the teddy bear in the early 20th century.

Frequently asked questions

Margarete Steiff était une couturière et entrepreneuse allemande née en 1847 à Giengen, dans le royaume de Wurtemberg. Ce qui rend son parcours singulier, c'est qu'elle a fondé une manufacture prospère malgré un handicap sévère : paralysée des jambes par la poliomyélite, elle a appris à coudre avec une machine adaptée et a lancé en 1880 un éléphant porte-épingles en feutre, rapidement détourné en jouet par les enfants. Ce qu'il faut retenir, c'est qu'elle a non seulement popularisé l'ours en peluche articulé au début du XXe siècle, mais aussi imposé des normes de qualité et une marque déposée – le célèbre bouton dans l'oreille – qui ont fait de Steiff une référence mondiale. Son histoire illustre comment une personne peut transformer une contrainte physique en force créatrice et entrepreneuriale.

Famous Quotes

« For children, only the best is good enough. »

Key Facts

  • Born in 1847 in Giengen an der Brenz (Württemberg), she contracted polio in childhood and remained paralyzed in both legs.
  • She opened a felt sewing workshop and founded her toy company in 1880, initially with felt elephants used as pincushions.
  • In 1902-1903, the company (with her nephew Richard Steiff) created the first jointed stuffed bear, the origin of the “teddy bear.”
  • She registered the famous “button in ear” as a trademark guaranteeing the authenticity of Steiff products (1904-1905).
  • She died in 1909; her company remains world-renowned for its plush toys.

Works & Achievements

Steiff Toy Manufacture (1880 (registered in 1893))

Family toy company working first in felt and then in plush, which became a worldwide benchmark for quality toys.

Felt Pincushion Elephant (1880)

Margarete's first iconic object, originally a pincushion that turned into a toy: the starting point of the whole adventure.

Menagerie of Felt Animals (from 1886)

A range of monkeys, donkeys, pigs and camels that established the firm's reputation in the toy world.

Jointed Plush Bear (“Bär 55 PB”) (1902-1903)

Designed by her nephew Richard, the first bear with jointed limbs; the ancestor of the teddy bear and an international commercial success.

Glass and Steel Factory Building in Giengen (1903)

A bright factory with a metal frame and glazed façades, a pioneering example of modern industrial architecture in Germany.

Registered Trademark “Knopf im Ohr” (1904-1905)

A metal button sewn into the ear as a mark of authenticity: one of the first major protected toy brands.

Anecdotes

At the age of eighteen months, Margarete contracted polio, which paralyzed her legs and permanently weakened her right arm. She would spend her entire life in a wheelchair, yet she learned to sew and became a remarkably skilled seamstress.

Around the age of twenty, Margarete acquired one of the first sewing machines in Giengen. Because her right arm was paralyzed, she had to adapt the machine to her body — it is said that she ran its mechanism backwards so she could sew with her left hand.

In 1880, she made a small felt elephant meant to serve as a pincushion. But children seized upon it as a toy: this unexpected success prompted her to create a whole menagerie of felt animals, the beginning of her company.

The jointed teddy bear designed by her nephew Richard was presented at the Leipzig fair in 1903. An American buyer immediately ordered 3,000 of them, sparking a worldwide craze for plush toys.

The name "teddy bear" does not come from Germany but from the United States and President Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt. Margarete Steiff's bears nonetheless conquered the American market thanks to their quality, recognizable by their famous "button in the ear.

Primary Sources

Motto of the Steiff company (late 19th century)
“Für Kinder ist nur das Beste gut genug” — For children, only the best is good enough.
Registration of the “Knopf im Ohr” trademark at the Kaiserliches Patentamt (1904-1905)
The Steiff company protects the small metal button fixed to the ear of its plush toys as a distinctive trademark guaranteeing their origin and quality.
Giengen commercial register (Handelsregister) (1893)
Registration of Margarete Steiff's felt-goods factory among the town's commercial businesses.

Key Places

Giengen an der Brenz

Small town in the Kingdom of Württemberg where Margarete was born, lived, and died. It was there that she founded and built up her entire company.

Steiff Factory in Giengen

Factory of the Steiff company, whose glass-and-steel building (1903) is an early example of modern industrial architecture.

Leipzig Trade Fair (Leipziger Messe)

Major international trade event where manufacturers showcased their latest products. The Steiff bear was unveiled there in 1903 and received its first large order.

Kingdom of Württemberg

State in southern Germany incorporated into the German Empire in 1871. A region with a tradition of textiles and craftsmanship where the company took root.

See also